Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2383–2392

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-15

Multimedia Environmental Fate and Transport Model of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Case Study Sayong River Watershed, Johor, Malaysia

(Penentuan Persekitaran Multimedia dan Model Pengangkutan Diklorodifeniltrikloroetana

(DDT): Kajian Kes Tadahan Air Sungai Sayong, Johor, Malaysia)

Z.A. GHANI^1*, A.N. ANUAR², Z.A. MAJID³ & M. YONEDA⁴

¹Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

²Department of Environment and Green Technology Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

³Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

⁴Department of Environmental Engineering Kyoto University Japan

Received: 16 November 2015/Accepted: 14 May 2017

ABSTRACT

This study describes the development of a multimedia environmental fate and transport model of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) at Sungai Sayong watershed. Based on the latest estimated DDT emission, the DDT concentrations in air, soil, water and sediment as well as the transfer processes were simulated under the equilibrium and steady-state assumption. Model predictions suggested that soil and sediment was the dominant sink of DDT. The results showed that the model predicted was generally good agreement with field data. Compared with degradation reaction, advection outflow was more important processes occurred in the model. Sensitivities of the model estimates to input parameters were tested. The result showed that vapour pressure (Ps) and organic carbon water partition coefficient (KOC) were the most influential parameters for the model output. The model output-concentrations of DDT in multimedia environment is very important as it can be used in future for human exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at Sungai Sayong Basin.

Keywords: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); modeled concentration; multimedia environmental fate and transport model; transfer processes

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini membincangkan pembangunan penentuan persekitaran multimedia dan model pengangkutan diklorodifeniltrikloroetana (DDT) di kawasan tadahan air Sungai Sayong. Berdasarkan anggaran terbaru pelepasan DDT, kepekatan DDT dalam udara, tanah, air dan sedimen termasuk proses pemindahan telah disimulasi menggunakan andaian keseimbangan dan keadaan mantap. Model ramalan menyarankan tanah dan sedimen merupakan dominan semula jadi DDT. Keputusan menunjukkan model ramalan adalah sama dengan data lapangan. Berbanding tindak balas degradasi, aliran keluar perolakan haba adalah proses terpenting di dalam model ini. Kepekaan model anggaran dengan parameter input telah diuji. Keputusan menunjukkan tekanan wap air (Ps) dan pekali pembahagi karbon organik - air (KOC) adalah parameter paling berpengaruh dalam output model. Output kepekatan model DDT dalam persekitaran multimedia adalah sangat penting kerana ia dapat digunakan pada masa hadapan untuk pendedahan kepada manusia dan penilaian risiko racun serangga organoklorin (OCP) di lembangan Sungai Sayong.

Kata kunci: Diklorodifeniltrikloroetana (DDT); kepekatan model; pembangunan penentuan persekitaran multimedia dan model pengangkutan; proses pemindahan

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*Corresponding author; email: zairawatiabghani@yahoo.com