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Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2489–2496 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-26 Performance of Palm Oil Clinker as a Bio-Filler
with Hybrid Fillers in Intumescent Fire Protective Coatings
for Steel (Prestasi Arang Kelapa Sawit
sebagai Pengisi
Biologi dengan Pengisi Hibrid di dalam Lapisan Penahan Api untuk Keluli) S.A.S.
MUSTAPA
& N.H. RAMLI
SULONG* Department
of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia Received: 24 January 2017/Accepted:
8 June 2017 ABSTRACT Intumescent coatings are an
effective method for fire protection of steel structures. The
search for more environmental friendly intumescent coatings
has led to the utilization of palm oil clinker (POC) as a bio-filler in solvent-borne intumescent coatings
in order to improve fire protection performance, mechanical
strength and water resistance of steel structures. In this research,
POC and
hybrid fillers are mixed with an acrylic binder and then blended
with flame-retardant additives in order to produce intumescent
coatings. The samples were tested using Bunsen burner test,
thermogravimetry analysis, surface
spread of flame test, field emission scanning electron microscopy,
static immersion test, and adhesion strength test. It was found
that the optimum composition of POC and
hybrid fillers gives the best fire protection performance with
the lowest equilibrium temperature (171.3°C), high thermal stability,
good water resistance and excellent mechanical properties. The
results of the surface spread of flame test show that Sample
A3, A4, and A6 were classified as Class 1, which is the best
classification. For Sample A6 (a hybrid formulation), the addition
of aluminium hydroxide gives better
water resistance with the lowest rate of weight change (<0.2%),
while the addition of magnesium hydroxide enhances the bonding
strength of the coating up to 125% compared with Sample A1 which
only has a single filler POC. It can be concluded that the optimum composition of
POC
and hybrid fillers results in intumescent coating
with the greatest fire protection performance. Keywords: Fire protection;
hybrid fillers; intumescent coatings; palm oil clinker; solvent-borne ABSTRAK Lapisan penahan api
merupakan kaedah
yang berkesan dalam perlindungan
api bagi
struktur keluli. Pencarian lapisan penahan api
yang lebih mesra
alam telah membawa
kepada penggunaan
arang kelapa sawit
(POC)
sebagai bahan
pengisi biologi di dalam lapisan penahan api berasaskan pelarut bagi meningkatkan
kadar kecekapan
perlindungan api, kekuatan mekanik dan daya ketahanan
terhadap air pada
struktur keluli. Dalam kajian ini,
POC
dan bahan
pengisi hibrid dirumuskan bersama bahan pengikat akrilik dan dicampurkan
dengan bahan
tambahan tertentu untuk menghasilkan lapisan penahan api. Semua
sampel diuji
dengan menggunakan ujian penunu Bunsen, analisis termogravimetri, ujian penyebaran api, mikroskopi
elektron imbasan
pancaran medan, daya tahan air dan daya lekatan.
Didapati bahawa
penggunaan optimum POC bersama
bahan pengisi
hibrid menunjukkan kecekapan perlindungan api terbaik
dengan suhu
keseimbangan terendah (171.3°C),
kestabilan haba
yang tinggi, daya ketahanan
terhadap air dan
kekuatan mekanik yang bagus. Ujian penyebaran
api menunjukkan
Sampel A3, A4 dan
A6 berada di Kelas 1 iaitu kelas terbaik.
Bagi Sampel
A6 (rumusan dengan bahan pengisi hibrid),
penambahan aluminium
hidroksida meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap air dengan menunjukkan kadar perubahan
berat yang paling rendah
(<0.2%), manakala penambahan
magnesium hidroksida meningkatkan
daya lekatan
lapisan penahan api sehingga 125% berbanding dengan Sampel A1 yang mempunyai bahan pengisi tunggal
POC.
Kesimpulannya, komposisi
optimum POC dan bahan
pengisi hibrid
memberikan kesan yang terbaik dalam kecekapan
perlindungan api
bagi lapisan
penahan api. Kata kunci: Arang
kelapa sawit;
bahan pengikat pelarut; bahan pengisi hibrid; lapisan penahan api; perlindungan
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