Sains Malaysiana 46(1)(2017): 21–26

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-03

Dissipation of Chlorpyrifos in a Malaysian Agricultural Soil: A Comparison between a Field Experiment and Simulation by the VARLEACH and PERSIST Models

(Pelesapan Chlorpirifos dalam Tanah Pertanian Malaysia: Perbandingan antara Kajian Lapangan dan Simulasi Model VARLEACH dan PERSIST)

ISMAIL, B.S.¹*, HALIMAH, M²., TAN, Y.A.² & TAYEB, M.A.¹

¹School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 29 April 2015/ Accepted: 20 April 2016

ABSTRACT

A comparison of the dissipation of chlorpyrifos in a Malaysian agricultural soil was undertaken using data from a field experiment and simulation by the PERSIST model. The study was carried out at an oil palm estate located close to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang, Selangor (for field experiment). The plots were treated with chlorpyrifos at the manufacturer’s recommended dosage. Soil samples were collected according to the sampling schedule at intervals of 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days. Residues of chlorpyrifos in soil from the field trial were analyzed in the laboratory. Simulation of chlorpyrifos leaching and persistency was done using two computer-run software VARLEACH and PERSIST. Generally, predicted data for chlorpyrifos residue obtained using the VARLEACH and PERSIST models was found to be well matched with the observed data from the field trial. The PERSIST Prediction for chlorpyrifos residue in soils planted with oil palm trees was found to be accurate and conformed to the results observed in the field trial.

Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; leaching; persist; soil; VARLEACH and PERSIST model

ABSTRAK

Perbandingan pelesapan chlorpirifos dalam tanah pertanian Malaysia telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan data daripada kajian lapangan dan simulasi dengan model PERSIST. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di sebuah ladang kelapa sawit yang terletak berhampiran dengan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur (KLIA), Sepang, Selangor (untuk kajian lapangan). Plot telah dirawat dengan chlorpirifos pada dos yang disyorkan pengeluar. Sampel tanah telah dikumpulkan mengikut jadual persampelan pada sela 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 dan 90 hari. Sisa chlorpirifos dalam tanah daripada percubaan lapangan dianalisis di dalam makmal. Simulasi chlorpirifos larut lesap dan ketegaran dilakukan menggunakan komputer melalui perisian VARLEACH dan PERSIST. Secara umumnya, peramalan data untuk sisa chlorpirifos diperoleh menggunakan model VARLEACH dan PERSIST didapati padan dengan data yang dicerap daripada percubaan lapangan. Ramalan PERSIST untuk sisa chlorpirifos dalam tanah yang ditanam dengan pokok kelapa sawit didapati tepat dan serupa dengan keputusan yang diperhatikan dalam percubaan lapangan.

Kata kunci: Berlarutan; chlorpirifos; larut lesap; model VARLEACH dan PERSIST; tanah

REFERENCES

Boesten, J.J.T.I. & van der Linden, A.M.A. 1991. Modelling of the influence of sorption and transformation on pesticide leaching and persistence. Journal of Environmental Quality 20: 425-435.

Brown, C.D., Baer, U., Günther, P., Trevisan, M. & Walker, A. 1999. Ring test with the models LEACHP, PRZM-2 and VARLEACH: Variability between model users in prediction of pesticide leaching using a Standard Data Set. Pest Management Science 47(3): 249-258.

Cheah, U.B., Kirkwood, R.C. & Lum, K.Y. 1997. Adsorption-desorption and mobility of four commonly used pesticides in Malaysian agricultural soils. Pesticide Science 50: 53-63.

Francaviglia, R., Capri, E., Klein, M., Hosang, J., Aden, K., Trevisan, M. & Errera, G. 2000. Comparing and evaluating pesticide leaching models: Results for the Mancina data set (Italy). Agricultural Water Management 44: 135-151.

Gustafson, D.I. 1993. Advantages pitfalls in the use of models for regulatory control of pesticide usage. Proceedings of 1993 Brighton Crop Protection Conference on Weeds. BCPC Monograph 17. pp. 137-157.

Halimah, M., Ismail, B.S., Nashriyah, M. & Maznah, Z. 2016a. Mobility studies of 14C-chlorpyrifos in Malaysian oil palm soils. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 96: 120-124.

Halimah, M., Sulaiman, N., Ismail, B.S. & Tayeb, M.A. 2016b. Dissipation of fluroxypyr in a Malaysian agricultural soil with simulation using the PERSIST and VARLEACH Model. Journal of Oil Palm Research 28(1): 26-33.

Halimah, M., Tan, Y.A., Ismail, B.S. & Mat, N. 2010. Downward movement of chloropyrifos in the soil of an oil palm plantation in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Oil Palm Research 22: 721-728.

Ismail, B.S. & Kalithasan, K. 2002. Measurement and prediction of permethrin persistence in six Malaysia agricultural soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 40: 1-10.

Ismail, B.S., Mazlinda, M. & Tayeb, M.A. 2015a. The persistence of deltamethrin in Malaysian agricultural soils. Sains Malaysiana 44(1): 83-89.

Ismail, B.S., Ooi, K.E. & Tayeb, M.A. 2015b. Laboratory assessment of 14C-phenyl metsulfuron-methyl degradation in an oil palm plantation soil. Journal of Oil Palm Research 27(4): 403-416.

Ismail, B.S., Ooi, K.E. & Tayeb, M.A. 2015c. Degradation of Triazine-2-14C Metsulfuron-Methyl in soil from an oil palm plantation. PLoS ONE 10(10): 1-15.

Ismail, B.S., Prayitno, S. & Tayeb, M.A. 2015d. Contamination of rice field water with sulfonylurea and phenoxy herbicides in the Muda Irrigation Scheme, Kedah, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187(7): 406-419.

Ismail, B.S., Mazlinda, M. & Tayeb, M.A. 2013. Adsorption, desorption and mobility of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in Malaysian soils. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 3(4): 23-29.

Ismail, B.S. & Maznah, Z. 2005. Comparison between field experiment and PERSIST model simulation: Dissipation of fenvalerate in a Malaysian agricultural soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 1143-1150.

Ismail, B.S. & Ngan, C.K. 2004. Dissipation of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in a Malaysian agricultural soil: A comparison between the Field experiment and simulation by the PERSIST model. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 40: 341-353.

Khakural, B.R., Robert, W.C., Koskinen, B.A., Sorensen, D.D. & Wyse, D.L. 1995. Soil processes and chemical transport. Journal of Environmental Quality 24: 644-655.

Leistra, M. 1971. Diffusion of 1, 3-dichloropropene from a plane source in soil. Pesticide Science 2: 75-78.

Maznah, Z., Halimah, M., Ismail, B.S. & Idris, A.S. 2015. Dissipation of the fungicide hexaconazole in oil palm plantation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22: 19648-19657.

Nicholls, P.H. 1994. Simulation of the movement Bentazon in soils using CALF and PRZM models. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 29: 1157-1166.

Nicholls, P.H., Walker, A. & Baker, R.J. 1982a. Measurements and simulation of the movement and degradation of atrazine and metribuzine in a fallow soil. Pesticide Science 13: 484- 494.

Tayeb, M.A., Ismail, B.S. & Khairiatul Mardiana, J. 2015a. Comparison of four different solid phase extraction cartridges for sample clean-up in the analysis of glufosinate ammonium from aqueous samples. International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research 7(6): 2612-2619.

Tayeb, M.A., Ismail, B.S., Khairiatul-Mardiana, J. & Goh Choo Ta. 2016. Troubleshooting and maintenance of high-performance liquid chromatography during herbicide analysis: An overview. Sains Malaysiana 45(2): 237-245.

Tayeb, M.A., Ismail, B.S., Mardiana-Jansar, K. & Goh Choo Ta. 2015b. Glufosinate ammonium clean-up procedure from water samples using SPE. AIP Conference Proceedings 1678: 060024(1-7).

Trevisan, M., Errera, G., Vischetti, C. & Walker, A. 2000. Modelling pesticide leaching in a sandy soil with the VARLEACH model. Agricultural Water Management 44: 367-369.

Wagenet, R.J. & Rao, P.S.C. 1990. Modeling pesticide fate in soils. In Pesticide in the Soil Environment-Processes, Impacts and Modeling, edited by Cheng, H.H. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, WI. pp. 351-399.

Walker, A., Welch, S.J., Melacini, A. & Moon, Y.H. 1996. Evaluation of three pesticides leaching models with experimental data for alachlor, atrazine and metribuzin. Weed Research 36: 37-47.

Walker, A. & Barners, A. 1981. Simulation of herbicide persistence in soil: A revised computer model. Pesticide Science 12: 123-132.

Walker, A. 1987. Evaluation of a simulation model for the prediction of herbicide movement and persistence in soil. Weed Research 27: 143-152.

Walker, A. 1978. Simulation of the persistence of eight soil-applied herbicides. Weed Research 18: 305-313.

Wauchope, R.D. & Duffy, M.J. 1992. Role of modelling in regulatory affairs: Introduction to the symposium. Weed Technology 6: 671-672.

*Corresponding author; email: ismail@ukm.edu.my