Sains Malaysiana 46(3)(2017): 457–461

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4603-13

Detection of Naringenin and Kaempferol in Justicia gendarussa Leaf Extracts by GC-FID

(Pengesanan Naringenin dan Kaempferol dalam Ekstrak Daun Justicia gendarussa

oleh GC-FID)

ZAHIDAH AYOB¹, SHAJARAHTUNNUR JAMIL², SITI PAULIENA MOHD BOHARI³,

FAREDIAH AHMAD² & AZMAN ABD SAMAD³*

¹Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

³Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and

Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim

Malaysia

Received: 26 May 2016/Accepted: 11 July 2016

ABSTRACT

Justicia gendarussa methanolic leaves extract from four different locations in Southern region of Malaysia and distribution of two flavonoids, naringenin and kaempferol in plant organs (young and mature leaves) were determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. Naringenin and kaempferol contents were detected and quantified in leaves extract. The results indicated that mature leaves contained more naringenin and kaempferol compared to young leaves. The highest concentration of naringenin and kaempferol were recorded in mature leaves from Skudai and Muar regions which were 507.692 and 1226.964 mgkg-1, respectively. Data analysis showed that naringenin content was directly proportional to the amount of kaempferol in the leaf extracts. In conclusion, this study suggested geographical variation among plant samples and physiological stage of organ parts could contribute to variation in flavonoids concentration in a plant species.

Keywords: Flavonoids; GC-FID; Justicia gendarussa; kaempferol; naringenin

ABSTRAK

Ekstrak daun Justicia gendarussa menggunakan metanol daripada empat lokasi berbeza di wilayah selatan Malaysia dan taburan dua sebatian flavonoid, naringenin dan kaempferol dalam organ-organ tumbuhan (daun muda dan tua) telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan analisis Gas Kromatografi -Pengesan Pengionan Nyala (GC-FID). Kandungan naringenin dan kaempferol telah dikesan dan ditentukan dalam ekstrak daun. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa daun tua mengandungi lebih naringenin dan kaempferol berbanding daun muda. Kepekatan tertinggi naringenin dan kaempferol telah dicatatkan pada daun tua dari kawasan Skudai dan kawasan Muar yang masing- masing adalah 507.692 dan 1226.964 mgkg-1. Analisis data menunjukkan kandungan naringenin adalah berkadar terus dengan amaun kaempferol pada ekstrak daun. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini mencadangkan variasi geografi dalam kalangan sampel tumbuhan dan tahap fisiologi bahagian organ boleh menyumbang kepada variasi kepekatan flavonoid pada spesies tumbuhan.

Kata kunci: Flavonoid; GC-FID; Justicia gendarussa; kaempferol; naringenin

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*Corresponding author; email: azmansamad@utm.my