Sains Malaysiana 46(3)(2017): 493–501

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4603-18

Preparation and Characterization of Mg/TiO₂ for Visible Light Photooxidative-Extractive Deep Desulfurization

(Penyediaan dan Pencirian Mg/TiO₂ untuk Proses Nyahsulfur Fotopengoksidaan-Pengekstrakan di bawah Cahaya Nyata)

YEE CIA YIN¹, CHONG FAI KAIT²*, HAYYIRATUL FATIMAH², CECILIA WILFRED²,

MOHD FAISAL B TAHA² & NORMAWATI BT MOHD YUNUS²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

²Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Received: 21 January 2016/Accepted: 8 August 2016

ABSTRACT

A series of Mg/TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared using aqueous wet impregnation method at different Mg loading followed by calcination at different temperatures for 1 h duration. The photocatalysts were characterized using thermal gravimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalysts were investigated for photooxidative-extractive deep desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene at room temperature and under visible light irradiation. The model oil containing 100 ppm S was photooxidized followed by extraction using imidazolium-phosphate ionic liquids at room temperature. The best performing photocatalyst was 0.25 wt. % Mg/TiO₂ calcined at 400°C (0.25Mg400), in which 98.4% of dibenzothiophene (3.070 mmol DBT per g photocatalyst) was converted to dibenzothiophene sulfone. The highest extraction efficiency of 97.8% (0.01525 mmol S per mL ionic liquid) was displayed by 1,2-diethylimidazolium diethylphosphate.

Keywords: Desulfurization; Mg/TiO₂; oxidation; photocatalyst; visible light

ABSTRAK

Suatu siri Mg/TiO₂ fotomangkin telah disediakan menggunakan kaedah impregnasi basah akuas dengan komposisi Mg yang berlainan diikuti dengan pengkalsinan selama 1 jam pada suhu yang berlainan. Pencirian fotomangkin tersebut dijalankan menggunakan termogravimetri, spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah, pembelauan sinar-X, pemancaran medan mikroskopi imbasan elektron dan mikroskopi transmisi elektron beresolusi tinggi. Seterusnya, fotomangkin tersebut dikaji untuk proses nyahsulfur fotopengoksidaan-pengekstrakan daripada model minyak diesel yang mengandungi dibenzotiofen pada suhu bilik dan di bawah sinaran cahaya nyata. Model minyak mengandungi 100 ppm S yang difoto-oksidakan diikuti dengan proses pengekstrakan menggunakan bendalir ionik imidazolium fosfat pada suhu bilik. Fotomangkin 0.25 % bt. Mg/TiO₂ yang dikalsin pada 400°C menunjukkan prestasi yang terbaik dengan 98.4% dibenzotiofen (3.070 mmol DBT per g fotomangkin) ditukar kepada dibenzotiofen sulfon. Tahap tertinggi pengekstrakan yang tercapai adalah 97.8% (0.01525 mmol S per mL bendalir ionik) yang ditunjukkan oleh 1,2-dietilimidazolium dietilfosfat.

Kata kunci: Cahaya nyata; fotomangkin; Mg/TiO₂; nyahsulfur; pengoksidaan

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*Corresponding author; email: chongfaikait@utp.edu.my