Sains Malaysiana 46(5)(2017): 773–782

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4605-12

 

Preparation and Characterization of Impregnated Magnetic Particles on Oil Palm Frond Activated Carbon for Metal Ions Removal

(Penyediaan dan Pencirian Zarah Magnet Terjejal ke atas Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Karbon Aktifan untuk Penyingkiran Ion Logam)

 

MUZAKKIR MOHAMMAD ZAINOL, NOR AISHAH SAIDINA AMIN* & MOHD ASMADI

 

Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 UTM Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

 

Received: 19 July 2016/Accepted: 24 October 2016

 

ABSTRACT

The magnetic adsorbents i.e. oil palm frond-magnetic particles (OPF-MP) and oil palm frond activated carbon-magnetic particles (OPFAC-MP) have been prepared by impregnation of iron oxide via co-precipitation method. The magnetic adsorbents and their parent materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Barrett, Joyner & Halenda (BJH) and t-plot method, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and also using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to study their properties and surface chemistry. The activated carbon magnetic adsorbent confers high surface area of 700 m²/g with amorphous structure and magnetic properties of 2.76 emu/g. The OPF-MP and OPFAC-MP were then applied in adsorption study for ions removal of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II). OPFAC-MP has shown high removal efficiency of 100 % with adsorption capacity up to 15 mg/g of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions compared to OPF-MP. In addition, the magnetic adsorbents were also compared with their parent materials to observe the effect of magnetic particles. Accordingly, the impregnation of magnetic particles enhances the metal ions adsorption comparing to their parent materials.

Keywords: Activated carbon; adsorption; magnetic particle; metal ions; oil palm frond

 

ABSTRAK

Bahan penjerap magnet iaitu zarah magnet pelepah kelapa sawit (OPF-MP) dan zarah magnet pelepah kelapa sawit zarah karbon aktifan (OPFAC-MP) telah disediakan dengan menjejal besi oksida melalui kaedah pemendakan bersama. Bahan penjerap magnet dan bahan induknya telah dicirikan menggunakan transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR), analisis termogravimetri (TGA), mikroskop elektron imbasan pancaran medan (FESEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Barrett, Joyner & Halenda (BJH) dan kaedah t-plot, pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) dan juga menggunakan sampel magnetometri bergetar (VSM) untuk mengkaji sifat dan permukaan kimianya. Bahan penjerap magnet karbon aktifan menganugerahkan kawasan permukaan tinggi seluas 700 m²/g dengan struktur amorfus dan sifat magnet 2.76 emu/g. OPF-MP dan OPFAC-MP kemudiannya digunakan dalam kajian penjerapan untuk penyingkiran ion Pb(II), Zn(II) dan Cu(II). OPFAC-MP telah menunjukkan kecekapan penyingkiran tinggi sebanyak 100% dengan kapasiti penjerapan sehingga 15 mg/g untuk ion Pb(II), Zn(II) dan Cu(II) berbanding OPF-MP. Di samping itu, bahan penjerap magnet juga telah dibandingkan dengan bahan induknya untuk memerhatikan kesan zarah magnet. Sehubungan dengan itu, zarah magnet terjejal meningkatkan penjerapan ion logam berbanding bahan induknya.

 

Kata kunci: Ion logam; karbon; magnet zarah; pelepah kelapa sawit; penjerapan

 

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*Corresponding author; email: noraishah@cheme.utm.my