Sains Malaysiana 46(6)(2017): 925–932

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-12

 

Field Evaluation of Newly-Developed Controlled Release Fertilizer on Rice Production and Nitrogen Uptake

(Penilaian Lapangan Terhadap Baja Perlepasan Terkawal ke atas Penghasilan Padi dan Pengambilan Nitrogen)

 

MOHAMMAD MU’AZ HASHIM*, MOHD KHANIF YUSOP, RADZIAH OTHMAN & SAMSURI ABD. WAHID

 

Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 24 November 2015/Accepted: 28 December 2016

 

ABSTRACT

Implementation of sound fertilizer management in rice cultivation is essential in optimizing productivity and profitability. The use of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) to improve crop production in various cropping systems has been widely explored, with new approaches and materials continually being studied to produce new CRF. A field study was carried out to determine the efficiency of local CRFs on rice production and N uptake using MR220 CL1 rice variety. Ten different types of CRFs consisting of two groups namely biochar impregnated urea (BIU 300-5, BIU 300-10, BIU 700-5 and BIU 700-10) and palm stearin (PS) coated urea with nitrification inhibitors (PS, PS+DMPP-100, PS+DMPP-50, PS+DMPP-150, PS+Cu and PS+Zn) were used as treatments. Plant height, SPAD reading, 1000-grain weight and harvest index (HI) showed significant improvement in rice treated with both biochar impregnated and palm stearin coated urea. With respect to grain yield, BIU 300-10, BIU 700-5, BIU 700-10, PS+DMPP-100, PS+DMPP-50, PS+DMPP-150 and PS+Cu treatments significantly increased rice yield. The CRFs mostly showed significantly higher N uptake in rice, especially in rice grains, however, there was no significant difference among treatments in soil residual ammonium (NH4+-N). The newly-developed CRFs showed huge potential as an alternative for common urea, especially BIU 700-5, BIU 700-10, PS+DMPP-100 and PS+DMPP-50, in increasing rice grain yield. With proper approaches, these CRFs can contribute in improving rice production to provide sufficient food for ever increasing population.

 

Keywords: Biochar impregnated urea; efficiency; nitrification inhibitors; palm stearin; urea

 

ABSTRAK

Pengurusan pembajaan yang baik untuk penanaman padi adalah penting dalam meningkatkan pengeluaran dan keuntungan. Penggunaan baja perlepasan terkawal untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran tanaman telah dikaji secara meluas dan pelbagai pendekatan baru digunakan untuk menghasilkan baja yang terkini. Sebuah kajian lapangan telah dijalankan untuk menentukan keberkesanan baja perlepasan terkawal yang dihasilkan secara tempatan ke atas pengeluaran padi dan pengambilan N dengan menggunakan varieti padi MR220 CL1. Sepuluh jenis baja telah digunakan dalam kajian ini yang terdiri daripada dua kumpulan, iaitu urea diimpregnasi dengan biochar (BIU 300-5, BIU 300-10, BIU 700-5 dan BIU 700-10) dan urea bersalut stearin sawit dengan penghalang nitrifikasi (PS, PS+DMPP-100, PS+DMPP-50, PS+DMPP-150, PS+Cu dan PS+Zn). Ketinggian pokok, bacaan SPAD, berat 1000 biji padi dan indeks tuaian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan untuk padi yang dirawat menggunakan baja urea diimpregnasi dengan biochar dan urea bersalut stearin sawit. Penggunaan baja BIU 300-10, BIU 700-5, BIU 700-10, PS+DMPP-100, PS+DMPP-50, PS+DMPP-150 dan PS+Cu telah meningkatkan penghasilan padi dengan signifikan. Penggunaan baja perlepasan terkawal juga meningkatkan pengambilan N oleh pokok padi terutamanya dalam biji padi. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada kesan dapat diperhatikan untuk baki ammonium (NH4+-N) dalam tanah. Baja perlepasan terkawal yang baru ini dilihat berpotensi besar bagi menggantikan baja urea dalam meningkatkan hasil padi, terutamanya BIU 700-5, BIU 700-10, PS+DMPP-100 dan PS+DMPP-50. Dengan pendekatan yang bersesuaian, baja perlepasan terkawal ini mampu menyumbang kepada peningkatan hasil padi negara, seterusnya menyediakan bekalan makanan yang mencukupi untuk menampung jumlah penduduk yang semakin bertambah.

 

Kata kunci: Keberkesanan; penghalang nitrifikasi; stearin sawit; urea; urea diimpregnasi dengan biochar

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*Corresponding author; email: muazhashim@gmail.com