Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1541–1548

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-24

 

Kinetics of Surfactin Production by Bacillus subtilis in a 5 L Stirred-tank Bioreactor

(Kinetik Penghasilan Surfaktin oleh Bacillus subtilis dalam Tangki Pengacau Bioreaktor 5 L)

 

MUHAMMAD QADRI EFFENDY MUBARAK¹, SITI HAJAR MOHAMAD JUFRI¹, SHIKH MOHD SHAHRUL NIZAN SHIKH ZAHAR¹, MOHD SAHAID KALIL², AIDIL ABDUL HAMID³ & MOHD HAFEZ MOHD ISA^4*

 

¹Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai

71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

³Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

⁴Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai

71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

Received: 7 June 2016/Accepted: 9 March 2017

 

ABSTRACT

A kinetic model of bacterial growth and metabolite production can adequately explain the trends and interaction of important parameters in a fermentation process. Production of surfactin by two bacterial strains, namely, Bacillus subtilis MSH1 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21322, in a 5 L bioreactor was investigated using Cooper’s media with 4% (v/v) glucose. The present kinetic study was carried out in order to determine the correlation between microbial cell growth, surfactin production and glucose consumption. Batch fermentation was performed by cultivation of each selected strain in a bioreactor at 30°C for 55 h. The experimental results showed production of surfactin in the culture medium after 5 and 10 h of incubation for B. subtilis ATCC 21332 and B. subtilis MSH1, respectively, at which the bacterial cells were at an early stage of the log phase. The maximum concentration of surfactin (Pmax) achieved by B. subtilis MSH1 and B. subtilis ATCC 21332 was 226.17 and 447.26 mg/L, respectively. The kinetic study of bacterial cell growth of both strains indicated that B. subtilis MSH1 had a specific growth rate (μmax) of 0.224 h-1 and attained a maximum biomass concentration (Xmax) as high as 2.90 g/L after 28 h of fermentation, while B. subtilis ATCC 21332, with μmax of 0.087 h-1, attained an Xmax of 2.62 g/L after 45 h of incubation. B. subtilis MSH1 showed higher growth kinetics, thus exhibited higher values of μmax and Xmax compared with B. subtilis ATCC 21332 under identical fermentation conditions. The Pmax achieved by B. subtilis ATCC 21332 was 447.26 mg/L, two times higher than that achieved by B. subtilis MSH1 (226.17 mg/L). The results obtained provide kinetics information including values of Pmax, μmax and Xmax for better understanding of interactions of bacterial cell growth and glucose consumption towards surfactin production by a commercial strain of B. subtilis ATCC 21332 and a local isolate of B. subtilis MSH1.

 

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21322; Bacillus subtilis MSH1; Cooper’s media; kinetic study; surfactin production

 

ABSTRAK

Model kinetik pertumbuhan bakteria dan penghasilan metabolit boleh menjelaskan aliran dan interaksi parameter yang penting untuk proses penapaian. Penghasilan surfaktin oleh dua jenis bakteria, Bacillus subtilis MSH1 dan Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332; di dalam bioreaktor 5 L telah dikaji menggunakan media Cooper dengan 4% (v/v) glukosa. Kajian kinetik ini dijalankan bagi menentukan korelasi antara pertumbuhan sel mikrob, penghasilan surfaktin dan penggunaan glukosa. Penapaian bakteria telah dilakukan melalui pengkulturan kedua-dua jenis bakteria di dalam bioreaktor pada 30°C selama 55 jam. Keputusan uji kaji menunjukkan penghasilan surfaktin di dalam kultur media B. subtilis ATCC 21332 dan B. subtilis MSH1, masing-masing selepas tempoh pengeraman selama 5 dan 10 jam dengan sel bakteria pada tempoh berkenaan berada pada peringkat awal fasa log. Kepekatan maksimum surfaktin (Pmax) dicapai olehB. subtilis MSH1 danB. subtilis ATCC 21332 masing-masing pada 226.17 dan 447.26 mg/L. Kajian kinetik pertumbuhan sel bakteria bagi kedua-dua jenis bakteria menunjukkan bahawaB. subtilis MSH1 memiliki kadar pertumbuhan spesifik(μmax) pada 0.224 h-1 dan mencapai kepekatan maksimum biojisim (Xmax) setinggi 2.90 g/L selepas 28 jam tempoh penapaian, manakalaB. subtilis ATCC 21332 dengan μmax pada 0.087 h-1, mencapai Xmax pada 2.62 g/L selepas 45 jam tempoh pengeraman. B. subtilis MSH1 menunjukkan kinetik pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi turut menyebabkan nilai μmax dan Xmax menjadi lebih tinggi berbandingB. subtilis ATCC pada kaedah penapaian yang sama. Nilai Pmax yang dicapai oleh B. subtilis ATCC 21332 adalah 447.26 mg/L, dua kali ganda lebih tinggi daripada yang dicapai oleh B. subtilis MSH1 (226.17 mg/L). Keputusan yang diperoleh telah menyediakan maklumat kinetik penting termasuk nilai Pmax, μmax dan Xmax untuk menyumbang pemahaman mengenai interaksi pertumbuhan sel bakteria dan penggunaan glukosa terhadap pengeluaran surfaktin oleh bakteria komersilB. subtilis ATCC 21332 dan pencilan tempatanB. subtilis MSH1.

 

Kata kunci: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332; Bacillus subtilis MSH1; kajian kinetik; media Cooper; penghasilan surfaktin

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*Corresponding author; email: m.hafez@usim.edu.my