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Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018):
2241–2249 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-01
Potensi Hakisan Tanih
di Lembangan Sungai Bilut,
Raub, Pahang menggunakan Integrasi RUSLE dan GIS (Soil Erosion Potential at Sungai Bilut
Catchment, Raub, Pahang using Integration
of RUSLE and GIS) TUKIMAT
LIHAN*,
NUR
FATIN
KHODRI,
MUZZNEENA
AHMAD
MUSTAPHA,
ZULFAHMI
ALI
RAHMAN
& WAN MOHD RAZI
IDRIS Pusat Pengajian
Sains Sekitaran
dan Sumber Alam,
Fakulti Sains
dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
46300 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia Received: 31 March 2018/Accepted:
8 June 2018 ABSTRAK Aktiviti guna tanah di
kawasan lembangan
adalah salah satu
faktor yang mendorong
kepada kemerosotan kualiti air sungai akibat daripada hakisan tanih. Potensi hakisan
tanih di kawasan
lembangan Sungai Bilut, Raub, Pahang yang menjadi sumber bekalan air minuman utama di daerah Raub boleh
ditentukan dengan
menggunakan integrasi model Semakan Semula Persamaan Kehilangan Tanih Universal (RUSLE) dan
Sistem Maklumat
Geografi (GIS). Kajian
ini bertujuan
untuk menentukan potensi hakisan tanih dan faktor
utama yang mempengaruhi
kadar hakisan
tanih. Kajian ini melibatkan
penggunaan data sekunder
yang terdiri daripada
data hujan, data siri tanih dan topografi
bagi menghasilkan
faktor kehakisan hujan (R), kebolehhakisan tanih (K), serta panjang dan kecuraman
cerun (LS). Faktor litupan
tumbuhan (C) dan
amalan pemuliharaan (P) pula dijana daripada imej satelit Landsat 8 (2014).
Keputusan kajian
menunjukkan nilai faktor R di kawasan kajian ialah 8927.68-9775.18 MJ
mm ha-1 jam-1 tahun-1,
nilai K ialah
0.036-0.500 tan jam-1 MJ-1 mm-1,
nilai LS ialah
0-514, nilai C ialah
0.03-0.80 dan nilai
P ialah 0.1-0.7. Kawasan yang mempunyai potensi
hakisan sangat
rendah hingga rendah
meliputi 81%, manakala
potensi hakisan tanih sederhana hingga sangat tinggi
meliputi 19% daripada
keseluruhan kawasan kajian. Model yang dihasilkan mempunyai ketepatan sebanyak 81%. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi berlakunya hakisan tanih di kawasan kajian adalah faktor
topografi, litupan
tumbuhan dan kebolehhakisan tanih.
Keputusan menunjukkan analisis
integrasi RUSLE dan
GIS
berpotensi dalam
penentuan potensi
hakisan tanih untuk
kawasan luas
yang mempunyai pelbagai jenis guna tanah,
topografi dan
jenis tanih. Kata kunci: GIS; hakisan
tanih; RUSLE
ABSTRACT Land use activities
within catchment area are one of the factors contributing to deterioration
of river water quality due to soil erosion. Potential soil erosion
at the Sungai Bilut catchment, which is the main source of water supply
in Raub district, can be determined
using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographical Information
System (GIS). The aims of this research were
to determine the potential soil loss and also to determine the
main factors that influence the rate of soil erosion. This study
involved analysis of secondary data of rainfall, soil series and
topography data to generate factors of rainfall erosivity
(R), soil erodibility (K) and length and steepness of slope (LS). Vegetation coverage and conservation
practices factors were generated from satellite image of Landsat
8 (2014). The results showed that the R factor value in the study
area is 8927.68-9775.18 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1,
K value is 0.0036-0.500 tones h-1 MJ-1 mm-1,
LS
value is 0-514, C value is 0.03-0.80 and P value
is 0.1-0.7. The area that has very low to low erosion potential
is 81%, while medium to very high erosion potential is 19% of
total study area. The model has an accuracy of 81%. The main factors
that contribute to the potential of soil erosion in the study
area are topography, vegetation cover, and soil erodibility. The
results indicated the potential of integration of RUSLE and
GIS
analysis in determination of potential soil erosion
in wide area consisting of various land use, topography and soil
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