Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2481–2489

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-25

 

Evaluation of Finger Photoplethysmography Fitness Index on Young Women with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

(Penilaian Kesihatan Fotopletismografi Jari Telunjuk Wanita Muda dengan Risiko Faktor Penyakit Kardiovaskular)

 

MUSILAWATI MUHAJIR^1,2, AMILIA AMINUDDIN^1*, AZIZAH UGUSMAN¹, NORIZAM SALAMT¹, ZANARIYAH ASMAWI¹, AINI FARZANA ZULKEFLI¹, MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS AZMI¹, KALAIVANI CHELLAPPAN³ & NOR ANITA MEGAT MOHD NORDIN¹

 

¹Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

³Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 17 March 2018/Accepted: 20 June 2018

 

ABSTRACT

The use of photoplethysmography (PPG) as one of cardiovascular disease (CVD) marker has got more attention due to its simplicity, noninvasive and portable characteristics. Two new markers had been developed from PPG namely PPG fitness index (PPGF) and vascular risk prediction index (VPRI). The aim of the present study was to compare PPGF level between young women with and without CVD risk factors, to investigate the relationship between PPGF with other CVD markers and to assess the sensitivity of VRPI in classifying young women that have CVD risk factors. A total of 148 young women aged 20-40 years old with and without CVD risk factors were involved in this study. CVD risk factors comprised of abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and family history of premature CVD. Subjects were categorized into healthy or having CVD risk factor. Measurements taken were anthropometric data, blood pressure, lipid profile, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), PPGF and VRPI. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with p<0.05 as significant value. The mean subjects’ age was 29.97±5.27 years old. There was no difference in PPGF level between groups (p>0.05). PPGF was independently determined by PWV (β=- 0.31, p<0.001) and height (β=0.16, p=0.04). VRPI had 77.9% sensitivity in identifying subjects with CVD risk factor. In conclusion, PPGF correlates with PWV and has potential to be an indicator of aortic stiffness while VRPI is sensitive to classify those with CVD risk factor.

 

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; photoplethysmography; pulse wave velocity; women

 

 

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan fotopletismografi (PPG) sebagai salah satu penanda penyakit kardiovaskuar (CVD) semakin mendapat perhatian kerana ciri-cirinya yang ringkas, tidak invasif dan mudah alih. Dua penanda telah dibangunkan daripada PPG yang dinamakan indeks kecergasan PPG (PPGF) dan indeks jangkaan risiko saluran darah (VPRI). Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membandingkan tahap PPGF antara wanita muda yang sihat dan yang mempunyai faktor risiko CVD, menentukan hubungan antara PPGF dengan lain-lain penanda CVD dan menilai kesensitifan VRPI dalam mengenal pasti wanita muda yang mempunyai faktor risiko CVD. Seramai 148 orang wanita muda dengan julat umur 20-40 tahun yang sihat atau yang mempunyai faktor risiko CVD telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Faktor risiko CVD adalah obesiti abdomen, hipertensi, dislipidemia, merokok dan sejarah keluarga dengan CVD pramatang. Subjek dikategorikan kepada kumpulan sihat atau mempunyai faktor risiko CVD. Pengukuran yang diambil ialah data antropometrik, tekanan darah, profil lipid, halaju gelombang nadi (PWV), indeks augmentasi (AIx), Protein C-Reaktif berkesensitifan tinggi (hs-CRP), PPGF dan VRPI. SPSS versi 20 telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan p<0.05 sebagai had signifikan. Purata umur subjek ialah 29.97±5.27 tahun. Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan pada PPGF antara kumpulan (p>0.05). PPGF ditentukan secara bebas oleh PWV (Beta=-0.31, p<0.001) dan tinggi (Beta=0.16, p=0.04). VRPI mempunyai 77.9% kesensitifan dalam mengenal pasti subjek yang mempunyai faktor risiko CVD. Kesimpulannya, PPGF mempunyai hubungan dengan PWV dan mempunyai potensi sebagai indikator kekerasan aorta manakala VRPI adalah sensitif dalam mengesan faktor risiko CVD.

 

Kata kunci: Fotopletismografi; halaju gelombang nadi; penyakit kardiovaskular; wanita

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*Corresponding author; email: amyyra1234@yahoo.com.my