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Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2557–2563 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-32
Evaluating Physical and Biological Characteristics of Glutaraldehyde (GA) Cross-Linked Nano-Biocomposite Bone Scaffold (Penilaian Pencirian Fizikal dan Biologi Perancah Tulang Nano-Biokomposit
Dipindah Silang dengan Glutaraldehid (GA)) HEMABARATHY
BHARATHAM*,
SITI
FATHIAH
MASRE,
LEO
HWEE
XIEN
& NURNADIAH AHMAD Program
of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health
Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan Raja Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal
Territory, Malaysia Received:
28 February 2018/Accepted: 28 June 2018 ABSTRACT In vivo stability of biomaterial-based
bone scaffolds often present a significant drawback in the
development of materials for tissue engineering purpose. Previously
developed nanobiocomposite bone scaffold using alginate and
nano cockle shell powder has shown ideal characteristics.
However, it showed high degradation rate and reduced stability
in an in vivo setting. In this study, we aim to observe
the effect of cross-linking glutaraldehyde (GA)
in three different concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% during
the fabrication process as a potential factor in increasing
scaffold stability. Microstructure observations of scaffolds
using scanning electron microscope (SEM)
showed all scaffolds crossed linked with GA and control had an ideal pore
size ranging from 166.8-203.5 μm. Increase in porosity
compared to the control scaffolds was observed in scaffolds
cross-linked with 2% GA
which also presented better structural integrity
as scored through semi-quantitative methods. Tested pH values
during the degradation period showed that scaffolds from all
groups remained within the range of 7.73-8.76. In vitro
studies using osteoblast showed no significant changes
in cell viability but a significant increase in ALP enzyme levels in scaffold cross-linked
with 2% GA. The calcium content released from
all scaffold showed significant differences within and between
the groups. It can be concluded that the use of GA in the preparation stage of
the scaffold did not affect the growth and proliferation of
osteoblast and use of 2% GA showed improved scaffold structural integrity and porosity. Keywords: Bone scaffold;
glutaraldehyde; nanobiocomposite; osteoblast ABSTRAK Kestabilan in vivo perancah tulang berasas biobahan merupakan salah satu
kelemahan yang ketara dalam fabrikasi bahan untuk tujuan kejuruteraan
tisu. Perancah tulang nanobiokomposit yang telah dibangunkan
terlebih dahulu menggunakan alginat dan serbuk nano cengkerang
kerang menunjukkan ciri-ciri ideal sebagai bahan pengganti
tulang. Walau bagaimanapun, perancah tersebut menunjukkan
kadar degradasi yang tinggi dan pengurangan dalam kestabilan struktur
dalam keadaan in vivo. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperhatikan
kesan penggunaan glutaraldehid (GA) sebagai bahan pindah silang dalam
kepekatan 0.5%, 1% dan 2% terhadap perancah yang dibentuk.
Kajian mikrostruktur menggunakan mikroskopi elektron imbasan
(SEM) menunjukkan kesemua perancah
tulang kajian GA dan kawalan mempunyai saiz liang antara
166.8-203.5 μm yang bersesuaian untuk tujuan penggunaan.
Peningkatan keliangan berbanding perancah kawalan diperhatikan
untuk perancah yang dipindah silang dengan 2% GA yang turut menunjukkan peningkatan
dalam kestabilan struktur melalui kaedah pemarkahan semi kuantitatif.
Nilai pH yang diukur sepanjang tempoh kajian degradasi menunjukkan
julat pH berada antara 7.73-8.76 untuk semua kumpulan kajian
dan kawalan. Kajian in vitro menggunakan osteoblas
tidak menunjukkan sebarang perubahan signifikan kepada keviabelan
sel tetapi terdapat peningkatan dalam aktiviti enzim ALP untuk perancah yang dipindah silang
dengan 2% GA. Perbezaan signifikan pembebasan kalsium
juga diperhatikan antara dan dalam semua kumpulan kajian dan
kawalan. Secara keseluruhan, didapati penggunaan GA dalam pembentukan perancah
tidak memberikan kesan terhadap percambahan dan pertumbuhan
osteoblas pada perancah tulang dan peningkatan dalam integriti
struktur dan keliangan perancah diperhatikan dengan penggunaan
GA pada kepekatan 2%. Kata kunci: Glutaraldehid; nanobiokomposit; osteoblas; perancah tulang REFERENCES Abu, Z., Baha, F. &
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