Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2573–2580

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-34

 

Physico-mechanical Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Biophenolic Elastomer Composite

(Sifat Fiziko-Mekanikal Gentian Kaca Biofenolik Elastomer Komposit Bertetulang)

ZUHAILI ZAKARIA¹, SARANI ZAKARIA^1*, RASIDI ROSLAN², CHIN HUA CHIA¹, SHARIFAH NABIHAH SYED JAAFAR¹, UMAR ADLI AMRAN¹ & SINYEE GAN¹

 

¹Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

 

Received: 1 March 2018/Accepted: 13 June 2018

 

ABSTRACT

 

In this study oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) fibers was used to synthesize biophenolic resin (BPR) at a different formaldehyde/liquefied empty fruit bunches (F/LEFB) molar ratio which is 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The higher molar ratio of F/LEFB used has resulted in an increased of viscosity and solid content of BPR resin. The first decomposition of BPR resin occured around 86 to 130°C due to the evaporation of low molecular weight substance which were water, free phenol and formaldehyde. Glass fiber reinforced biophenolic composite (BPC) and glass fiber reinforced biophenolic elastomer composite (BPEC) was successfully fabricated using BPR resin. The impact strength and flexural strain of BPEC were higher than that of BPC. The impact strength of BPEC 1.5 was the highest at 47.71 kJm-2. However, the flexural strength of BPEC was lower compared with BPC, which the highest flexural strength was obtained by BPC 1.0 at 65.18 MPa. The cross-sectional image from scanning electron microscope (SEM) of BPEC and BPC confirmed the presence of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) improved the compatibility between glass fiber and BPR resin.

 

Keywords: Epoxidized natural rubber; interlocking; liquefaction; oil palm empty fruit bunches; prepreg

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) bagi menghasilkan resin biofenolik (BPR) berdasarkan nisbah molar formaldehid/serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit tercecair (F/LEFB) yang berbeza iaitu 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. Nisbah molar F/LEFB yang tinggi telah menyebabkan kelikatan dan kandungan pepejal resin BPR meningkat. Penguraian pertama bagi resin BPR berlaku pada suhu sekitar 80 sehingga 130°C disebabkan pemeluapan bahan berat molekul yang rendah seperti air, formaldehid dan fenol. Komposit berpenguat gentian kaca (BPC) dan komposit biofenolik elastomer berpenguat gentian kaca (BPEC) telah berjaya dihasilkan mengguna resin BPR. Kekuatan hentaman dan terikan lenturan BPEC adalah lebih tinggi berbanding BPC. Namun, kekuatan lenturan BPEC adalah lebih rendah berbanding BPC. Imej daripada mikroskopi imbasan elektron (SEM) bagi keratan rentas BPEC dan BPC menunjukkan kehadiran getah asli terepoksida (ENR) meningkatkan keserasian di antara resin BPR dan gentian kaca.

 

Kata kunci: Getah asli terepoksida; pencecairan; prapreg; saling kunci; serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit

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*Corresponding author; email: szakaria@ukm.edu.my