Sains Malaysiana 47(2)(2018): 261-268

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4702-07

Effects of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol and Selected Herbicides which Induced Lipid Peroxidation on Quantum Yield and Membrane Integrity of Weedy Plants under Dark and Light Conditions

(Kesan 2,4-Di-tert-butilfenol dan Racun Herba Lipid Peroksida Terpilih pada Hasil Kuantum dan Integriti Membran Tumbuhan Rumpai di bawah Keadaan Gelap dan Terang)

Naimah Abdul Halim¹, Nyuk Ling Ma², Ismail Sahid³ & Tse Seng Chuah^1*

¹School of Food Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²School of Fundamental Sciences, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

³School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received:  16 June 2017/Accepted:  14 August 2017

ABSTRACT

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) has herbicidal properties that cause lipid peroxidation on plant tissues. The present study aimed at examining the phytotoxic effects of 2,4-DTBP compared to that of selected herbicides which induced lipid peroxidation based on quantum yield (Φ) and membrane integrity of two bioassay weed species namely Oldenlandia verticillata and Leptochloa chinensis under light and dark conditions. Laboratory assays showed reduced Φ of 2,4-DTBP- and dinoterb-treated leaf discs within the first 3 h of the dark incubation period, with further decrease during the subsequent 15 h dark period and 6 h light period. Diuron drastically reduced the Φ of the bioassay species throughout the incubation period. The Φ of glufosinate-treated O. verticillata leaf discs was marginally reduced and decreased further upon light exposure; it had no effect on the Φ of L. chinensis. Fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazone and oxyfluorfen also had negligible effect on Φ, whereas paraquat caused a rapid reduction in Φ upon light exposure for both bioassay species. 2,4-DTBP, paraquat and dinoterb induced electrolyte leakage during the dark incubation period; this was further increased in the presence of light for O. verticillata and L. chinensis. For both bioassay species, glufosinate caused a marked amount of electrolyte leakage, whereas diuron, fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazone and oxyfluorfen had negligible effect on ion leakage. These results suggested that 2,4-DTBP has herbicidal activity comparable to that of dinoterb without dependence on light.

Keywords: Electrolyte leakage; Leptochloa chinensis; Oldenlandia verticillata; photosynthesis

ABSTRAK

2,4-Di-tert-butilfenol (2,4-DTBP) mempunyai sifat racun herba yang menyebabkan peroksidaan lipid pada tisu tumbuhan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan fitotoksik 2,4-DTBP berbanding racun herba lipid peroksida terpilih berdasarkan hasil kuantum (Φ) dan integriti membran melalui bioasai dua spesies rumpai iaitu Oldenlandia verticillata dan Leptochloa chinensis di bawah keadaan terang dan gelap. Asai makmal mendedahkan penurunan Φ 2,4-DTBP- dan cakera daun dinoterb yang dirawat dalam tempoh 3 jam pertama dalam inkubasi yang gelap, dengan penurunan selanjutnya dalam tempoh gelap 15 jam dan tempoh cerah 6 jam yang seterusnya. Spesies bio-asai diuron berkurang secara drastik Φ sepanjang tempoh inkubasi. Φ daripada cakera daun O. verticillata yang dirawat glufosinat telah berkurang sedikit dan terus berkurang apabila terdedah pada cahaya; ia tidak mempunyai kesan pada Φ L. chinensis. Fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazon dan oksifluorfen juga mempunyai kesan yang tidak dapat diabaikan pada Φ, sedangkan paraquat menyebabkan pengurangan pesat dalam Φ apabila pendedahan cahaya untuk kedua spesies bioassai. 2,4-DTBP, paraquat dan kebocoran elektrolit oleh dinoterb semasa tempoh inkubasi gelap; ini semakin meningkat di hadapan cahaya untuk O. verticillata dan L. chinensis. Bagi kedua-dua spesies bioassai, glufosinat menyebabkan kebocoran elektrolit yang ketara, sedangkan diuron, fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazon dan oksifluorfen mempunyai kesan yang tidak dapat diabaikan pada kebocoran ion. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa 2,4-DTBP mempunyai aktiviti racun herba yang setanding dengan dinoterb tanpa kebergantungan pada cahaya.

Kata kunci: Fotosintesis; kebocoran elektrolit; Leptochloa chinensis; Oldenlandia verticillata

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*Corresponding author; email: chuahts@umt.edu.my