 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 551–562
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-16
Effect of Environment × Cultivar Interaction
on Protein and Mineral Contents of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
in Central Anatolia, Turkey (Kesan Interaksi Alam Sekitar × Kultivar ke
atas Kandungan Protein dan Mineral Alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) di Anatolia Tengah,
Turki)
ABDULLAH ÖZKÖSE*
Selçuk Üniversitesi
(Selcuk University), Ard?çl? Mahallesi, İsmetpaşa Cad, 42250
Selçuklu/Konya, Turkey
Received: 7 May 2015/Accepted:
6 October 2017
ABSTRACT
Nutritive value and persistence of
different alfalfa cultivars, but very little information is available
in the literature on mineral concentrations, especially on microelements.
This study was carried out to determine crude protein and mineral
contents in alfalfa cultivars from two different locations, Ankara
and Konya provinces, in Central Anatolia during 2005 and 2007. The
experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design
with three replications. Significant differences in many investigated
traits were found between cultivars, years, locations and location
x year, location x cultivar, year x cultivar, and location x year
x cultivar interactions. A crude protein ratio and micro and macro
element contents (K, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Mo, Cu, Cr, Se and
Al) were analyzed in alfalfa on a dry weight basis. The results
showed that the protein content ranged 17.23 to 20.71%. The macro
element contents ranged 2.06 to 3.95 g kg–1
for K, 13.65 to 23.25 g kg–1 for
P, 1.31 to 2.53 g kg–1 for
Mg, 6.71 to 22.81 g kg–1 for
Ca, and 44.3 to 92.7 mg kg–1 for
Fe, whereas the microelement contents ranged 15.4 to 54.3 mg kg–1 for
Mn, 24.6 to 121.9 mg kg–1 for
Zn, 46.4 to 85.4 mg kg–1 for
B, 0.50 to 6.13 mg kg–1 for
Mo, 3.13 to 4.17 mg kg–1 for
Cu, 0.93 to 2.40 mg kg–1 for
Cr, 0.77 to 1.03 mg kg–1 for
Se and 31.2 to 57.8 mg kg–1 for
Al. Significant differences at the p<0.01 or p<0.05 level
in many investigated traits were found between cultivars, years,
locations and location × year, location × cultivar,
year × cultivar, and location × year × cultivar
interactions. In conclusion, due to the fact that the location ×
year × cultivar interaction was found statistically significant,
we suggest that appropriate cultivars are selected for each region.
Keywords: Alfalfa; location; macro-
and microelement; quality
ABSTRAK
Nutrien dan ketahanan kultivar alfalfa
mempunyai nilai berbeza tetapi maklumat yang terdapat dalam kajian
perpustakaan mengenai kepekatan mineral terutama pada unsur mikro
adalah sangat sedikit. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kandungan
protein mentah dan mineral dalam kultivar alfalfa dari dua lokasi
berbeza iaitu di wilayah Ankara dan Konya, di Anatolia Tengah pada
tahun 2005 dan 2007. Uji kaji ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reka
bentuk blok lengkap secara rawak dengan tiga ulangan. Perbezaan
penting dalam banyak sifat yang dikaji didapati antara kultivar,
tahun, lokasi dan lokasi x tahun, lokasi x kultivar, tahun x kultivar
dan lokasi x tahun x interaksi kultivar. Nisbah protein kasar dan
kandungan unsur mikro dan makro (K, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Mo,
Cu, Cr, Se dan Al) dianalisis dalam alfalfa berdasarkan berat kering.
Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kandungan protein berkisar antara 17.23
hingga 20.71%. Kandungan unsur makro berkisar antara 2.06 hingga
3.95 g kg-1
untuk K, 13.65 hingga 23.25 g kg-1 untuk
P, 1.31 hingga 2.53 g kg-1 untuk
Mg, 6.71 hingga 22.81 g kg-1 untuk
Ca, dan 44.3 hingga 92.7 mg kg-1 untuk
Fe, manakala kandungan elemen mikro berkisar 15.4 hingga 54.3 mg
kg-1
untuk Mn, 24.6 hingga 121.9 mg kg-1 untuk
Zn, 46.4 hingga 85.4 mg kg-1 untuk
B, 0.50 hingga 6.13 mg kg-1 untuk
Mo, 3.13 hingga 4.17 mg kg-1 untuk
Cu, 0.93 hingga 2.40 mg kg-1 untuk
Cr, 0.77 hingga 1.03 mg kg-1 untuk
Se dan 31.2 hingga 57.8 mg kg-1 untuk
Al. Perbezaan yang signifikan di tahap p <0.01 atau p <0.05
dalam banyak sifat yang dikaji didapati antara kultivar, tahun,
lokasi dan lokasi × tahun, lokasi kultivar, tahun kultivar
serta lokasi × tahun × interaksi kultivar. Kesimpulannya,
lokasi × tahun × interaksi kultivasi didapati secara
signifikan, kami mencadangkan bahawa kultivar yang sesuai dipilih
untuk setiap rantau.
Kata
kunci: Alfalfa; kualiti; lokasi; unsur makro dan mikro REFERENCES
AACC. 1990. Approved
Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 8th ed. St. Paul,
MN, USA: American Association of Cereal Chemists.
Acar, R.,
Ozcan, M.M., Kanbur, G. & Dursun, N., 2012. Some physico-chemical
properties of edible and forage watermelon seeds. Iran J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 31(4):
41-47.
Acar, R.,
Demiryurek, M., Okur, M. & Bitgi, S. 2011. An investigation of artificial
pasture establishment under dryland conditions. African Journal of
Biotechnology 10(5): 764-769.
Akca Pelen,
M., K?z?l Aydemir, S., Sezer, N. & Y?lmaz, K. 2013. Examination of
registered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties efficiency results
obtained from variety registration trials and importance of these varieties in
present seed growing. Turkiye 10. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Konya 3:
189-194 (in Turkish).
Alien, V.G.,
Hamilton, L.A., Wolf, D.D., Fontenot, J.P., Terrill, T.H. & Notter, D.R.
1986. Yield and regrowth characteristics of alfalfa grazed with sheep. II.
Summer Grazing. Agronomy Journal 78: 979-985.
Aslan, M.
2017. Variation of some seed trace element contents in grass pea (Lathyrus
sativus L.) genotypes from Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26(5):
3676-3684.
Avci, M.A.,
Ozkose, A. & Tamkoc, A. 2013. Determination of yield and quality
characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties grown in
different locations. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 12(4):
487-490.
Avcioglu,
R., Geren, H., Tamkoc, A. & Karadag, Y. 2009. Yonca (Medicago sp.
L.). In Yembitkileri, edited by Avcioglu, R., Hatipoglu, R. &
Karadag, Y. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Izmir, Turkey. 2: 296-316 (in Turkish).
Aydin, I.
& Tosun, F. 1991. A research on dry matter yield, crude protein content and
yield of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) + some cereal species grown
under Samsun ecological conditions. Proceedings of Congress of Pasture and
Forage Crops, (CPFC’91), Bornova-Izmir. pp: 332-340.
Caldwell,
A.C., Seim, E.C. & Rehm, G.W. 1969. Sulfur effects on the elemental
composition of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Corn (Zea mays L.). Agronomy Journal 61: 632-634.
Ceylan, S.,
Soya, H., Budak, B., Akdemir, H. & Colak Esetlili, B. 2009. Effect of zinc
on yield and some related traits of alfalfa. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 14(2):
136-143.
Collins, M.
& Taylor, T.H. 1980. Yield and quality of alfalfa harvested during autumn
and winter and harvest effects on the spring crop. Agronomy Journal 71:
839-844.
Collins, M.
1989. Mineral concentrations in whole crop and pressed forage of three legumes. Agronomy Journal 81: 901-906.
Haby, V.A.,
Davis, J.V. & Leonard, A.T. 1999. Response of over seeded alfalfa and
bermudagrass to alfalfa row spacing and nitrogen rate. Agronomy Journal 91:
902-910.
Janghorbani,
M., Roberts, S. & Jackson, T.L. 1975. Relationship of exchangeable acidity
to yield and chemical composition of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 67:
350-354.
Jenkins,
M.B. & Bottomley, P.J. 1984. Seasonal response of uninoculated alfalfa to n
fertilizer: Soil N, nodule turnover, and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium
meliloti. Agronomy Journal 76: 959-963.
Kacar,
B. 1994. Toprak Analizleri [Soil Analysis (in English)]. Ankara
Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi Egitim, Arast?rma ve Gelistirme Vakf?
Yay?nlar? No:3. Ankara (in Turkish). Kacar, B. 1972. Chemical analysis of plant and soil-II, Plant
analysis. Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara (Unpublished).
Kahraman, A. 2017.
Nutritional value and foliar fertilization in soybean. J. Elem. 22(1):
55-66.
Karadag, Y., Iptas, S.,
K?r, H. & Akbay, S. 2011. The determination of the yield and quality
characteristics of some alfalfa cultivars under Tokat-Kazova conditions.
Turkiye 9. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Bursa 3, 1962-1965 (in Turkish).
Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M.
& Valeem, E.E. 2006. Forage mineral status evaluation: The influence of
pastures Pak. J. Bot. 38(4): 1043-1054.
Khan, Z.I., Ashraf, M.,
Ahmad, K., Ahmad, N., Danish, M. & Valeem, E.E. 2009. Evaluation of mineral
composition of forages for grazing ruminants in Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot.
41(5): 2465-2476.
Kidambi, S.P., Matches,
A.G. & Gricgs, T.C. 1989. Variability for Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, and K/(Ca+Mg)
ratio among 3 wheatgrasses and sainfoin on the southern high plains. Journal
of Range Management 42(4): 316-322.
Lemus, R. 2013. What are
the mineral concentrations of forage? Mississippi State University, 6(2), 1-2
http://msucares.com/ crops/forages/newsletters/13/20130201.pdf.
Nancy, J. 1992.
Digestibility and mineral utilization of six sequential alfalfa cutting by
wethers. Ph.D. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
(Unpublished).
National Research
Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Seventh
Revised Edition. Washington: National Academy Press.
Orloff, S.B. &
Putnam, D.H. 2007. Forage quality testing. In Irrigated Alfalfa Management
in Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 16, edited by Summers, C.G.
& Putnam, D.H. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural
Resources Publication 8302. http://alfalfa.ucdavis. edu/Irrigated Alfalfa.
Accessed on 13 March 2015.
Ozcan, M. 2004. Mineral
contents of some plants used as condiments in Turkey. Food Chemistry 84:
437-440.
Ozkose, A. 2013.
Determination of yield and yield components of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rapacea Koch.) cultivars under the Konya region conditions. International
Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering 7(12):
826-829.
Pirhofer-Walzl, K.,
Søegaard, K., Høgh-Jensen, H., Eriksen, J., Sanderson, M.A., Rasmussen, J.
& Rasmussen, J. 2011. Forage herbs improve mineral composition of grassland
herbage. Grass and Forage Science 66: 415-423.
Sabanc?, C.O., Ertus,
M.M. & Zorer Celebi, Z. 2013. Collection, conservation and evaluation for
forage yield of alfalfa landraces grown in East Anatolia. Turkish Journal of
Field Crops 18(1): 46-51.
Scholtz, G.D.J., van Der
Merwe, H.J. & Tylutki, T.P. 2009. The nutritive value of South African Medicago
sativa L. hay. South African Journal of Animal Science 39: 179-182.
Smith, D. 1970.
Influence of temperature on the yield and chemical composition of five forage
legume species. Agronomy Journal 62: 520-523.
Smith, D. 1969.
Influence of temperature on the yield and chemical composition of ‘vernal’
alfalfa at first flower, Agronomy Journal 61: 470-472.
Tejada, R., McDowell,
L.R., Martin, F.G. & Conrad, J.H. 1985. Mineral element analyses of various
tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentrations. Nutr.
Rep. Int. 32: 313-323.
Tongel, M.O. & Ayan,
I. 2010. Nutritional contents and yield performances of lucerne (Medicago
sativa L.) cultivars in Southern Black Sea shores. Journal of Animal and
Veterinary Advances 9(15): 2067-2073.
Turan, M., Ketterings,
Q.M., Gunes, A., Ataoglu, N., Esringu, A., Bilgili, A.V. & Huang, Y.H.
2010. Boron fertilization of Mediterranean aridisols improves lucerne (Medicago
sativa L.) yields and quality. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B
- Soil & Plant Science 60(5): 427-436.
Ulgen, N. &
Yurtsever, N. 1974. Turkiye gubre ve gubreleme rehberi. Toprak ve GubreAraşt?rma
Enstitusu Teknik Yay?nlar Serisi, 28, Kemal Matbaas?, Ankara (in Turkish).
Underwood, E.J. 1981. The
Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Slough, England: Commonwealth Agricultural
Bureaux. p. 10.
Wedin, W.F., Burger, A.W. & Ahlgren, H.L. 1956. Effect of soil type, fertilization, and stage of growth on yield, chemical composition, and biological value of ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Agronomy Journal 48(4): 147-152.
*Corresponding author;
email: aozkose@selcuk.edu.tr
|
|||
|
