Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 1025–1031

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-19

 

Preparation and Characterization of Macroporous Bioactive Glass Ceramic Made via Sol-Gel Route and Powder Sintering Method

(Penyediaan dan Pencirian Seramik Kaca Bioaktif Bermakroliang Dibuat Melalui Laluan Sol-Gel dan Kaedah Sinteran Serbuk)

 

SYED NUZUL FADZLI SYED ADAM^1*, ROSLINDA SHAMSUDIN¹, SITI ROHANI ZAINUDDIN², BANJURAIZAH JOHAR² & FIRUZ ZAINUDDIN²

 

 

¹School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia

 

Received: 15 September 2017/Accepted: 20 November 2017

 

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to prepare macroporous glass ceramic scaffold by sol-gel glass synthesis and powder sintering method. Sodium nitrate was added during sol-gel process to obtain glass ceramic with mol composition of 42.11% SiO₂ - 18.42% CaO - 29.82% Na2O - 9.65% P₂O₅. The glass particles were found to be thermally stable above 900°C as indicated by TGA/DTA analysis. The dried glass particles obtained from sol-gel process were compacted and sintered at 1000°C for 3 h soaking time. Sintering crystallized the glass by 71.5% of crystallinity with tetracalcium catena-hexaphosphate (V) (Ca4(P6O19) as the main crystalline phase as revealed by XRD analysis. Although glass crystallized during sintering, it showed a good in vitro bioactivity as apatite-like layer were deposited on the glass ceramic surface when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days. SEM analysis proved the macroporous structure formation with pore size ranges between 30 and 350 μm due to foaming effect which occurred during sintering. Besides that, the glass ceramic surface formed into vitrified-like due to fluxing effect during sintering thus affected the porosity and densification measurement done by Archimedes test. In conclusion, the presence of sodium oxide in sol-gel glass ceramic composition by 29.82 mol % with sintering temperature at 1000°C is able to produce bioactive and macroporous glass ceramic that potentially be used as medical scaffold material.

 

Keywords: Glass ceramic; macroporous; powder sintering; scaffold; sol-gel

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menyediakan perancah seramik kaca berkeliangan makro melalui kaedah sintesis sol-gel dan sinteran serbuk. Natrium nitrat telah ditambahkan semasa proses sol-gel untuk menghasilkan seramik kaca dengan komposisi mol iaitu 42.11% SiO₂ - 18.42% CaO - 29.82% Na₂O - 9.65% P₂O₅. Partikel kaca didapati stabil secara terma pada suhu melebihi 900ºC seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh analisis TGA/DTA. Partikel kaca kering yang diperoleh daripada proses sol-gel dipadatkan dan disinter pada suhu 1000ºC selama 3 jam. Sinteran menghablurkan kaca sebanyak 71.5% kehabluran dengan tetrakalsium katena-heksafosfat (V) (Ca4(P6O19) sebagai fasa berhablur utama seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh analisis XRD. Walaupun kaca menghablur semasa sinteran, sampel masih menunjukkan kebioaktifanin vitro yang baik disebabkan lapisan seakan apatit termendap di atas permukaan seramik kaca selepas direndam dalam larutan bendalir badan simulasi (SBF) selama 14 hari. Analisis SEM membuktikan pembentukan struktur bermakroliang dengan julat saiz liang antara 30 ke 350 μm disebabkan oleh kesan pembusaan yang berlaku semasa sinteran. Selain itu, permukaan seramik kaca membentuk seakan kekaca disebabkan oleh kesan fluks semasa sinteran sekaligus menjejaskan pengukuran keliangan dan pemadatan melalui ujian Archimedes. Kesimpulannya, kehadiran komponen natrium oksida dalam komposisi seramik kaca sol-gel sebanyak 29.82% mol dengan suhu sinteran pada 1000°C dapat menghasilkan seramik kaca bioaktif dan bermakroliang yang berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan perancah perubatan.

 

Kata kunci: Bermakroliang; perancah; seramik kaca; sinteran serbuk; sol-gel

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*Corresponding author; email: syed.nuzul@unimap.edu.my