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Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018): 871–882 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-02
Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
Surface Sediments of Langkawi Island, Malaysia
(Taburan Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik (HAP) dalam Permukaan Sedimen di Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia)
TERENCE
RICKY
CHIU1,
MD
FIROZ
KHAN2,
MOHD
TALIB
LATIF1,2,
MOHD
SHAHRUL
MOHD
NADZIR1,2,
HARIS
HAFIZAL
ABDUL
HAMID1,
HAFIDZ
YUSOFF1
1School of
Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Research Centre for
Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Associate Researcher,
Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Received: 15 September
2017/Accepted: 13 December 2017
ABSTRACT
The individual
compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)
were studied in the surface sediments at 32 locations in the tourism area of
Langkawi Island. A total of 15 PAHs were determined and
quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The total PAH concentrations of surface sediments from Langkawi
Island ranged from 228.13 to 990.25 ng/g and they were classified as being in
the low to moderate pollution range. All sampling stations were dominated by
high molecular weight PAHs with 4 rings (31.59%) and 5-6
rings (42.73%). The diagnostic ratio results showed that in most cases, the
sampling stations have pyrogenic input. Further analysis using principal
component analysis (PCA) combined with absolute principal
component score (APCS) and multiple linear regression (MLR)
showed that the natural gas emissions contributed to 57% of the total PAH concentration,
22% from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of fuel, 15% from pyrogenic
and petrogenic sources and 6% from an undefined
source.
Keywords: APCS;
diagnostic ratio; MLR; PAHs; PCA;
surface sediments
ABSTRAK
Sebatian individu dan
sumber hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik (HAP)
telah dikaji
di dalam sedimen permukaan
pada 32 lokasi
sekitar kawasan pelancongan di Pulau Langkawi. Sebanyak 15 HAP telah
dikenal pasti dan
dikira dengan
menggunakan kromatografi gas
yang digabungkan dengan
spektometri jisim (GC-MS).
Jumlah kepekatan
HAP
pada sedimen permukaan
di Pulau Langkawi berjulat
daripada 229.13 sehingga 990.25
ng/g dan diklasifikasikan
sebagai pencemaran pada julat tahap
rendah sehingga
sederhana. Kesemua stesen pensampelan
didominasi oleh
HAP
yang mempunyai berat
molekul yang tinggi dengan 4 cincin (31.59%) dan 5-6 cincin (42.73%).
Keputusan nisbah diagnosis juga menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan stesen pensampelan tersebut mempunyai input pirogenik. Analisis selanjutnya menggunakan analisis prinsip komponen (PCA) yang digabungkan
dengan prinsip
komponen skor mutlak
(APCS)
dan linear regresi
pelbagai (MLR) menunjukkan
bahawa pelepasan
gas asli menyumbang kepada 57% jumlah keseluruhan kepekatan HAP,
22% daripada pembakaran
bahan api yang tidak lengkap dan
pirolisis minyak,
15% daripada sumber pirogenik dan petrogenik
dan 6% daripada
sumber yang tidak diketahui puncanya.
Kata kunci: APCS;
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*Corresponding author; email: masni@ukm.edu.my
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