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Sains Malaysiana 47(5)(2018):
941–949 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-09
Surface Modification
of Cellulose Nanomaterial for Urea Biosensor Application
(Pengubahsuaian Permukaan Bahan Nano Selulosa untuk Aplikasi Biosensor Urea)
WAN ELINA FARADILLA WAN KHALID1,2, LEE YOOK HENG1* & MOHAMAD NASIR MAT ARIP3
1School of Chemical
Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, Pekan Parit Tinggi,
72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia
3Forest Products
Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 14 September
2017/Accepted: 4 January 2018
ABSTRACT
Cellulose
nanomaterial with rod-like structure and highly crystalline order, usually
formed by elimination of the amorphous region from cellulose during acid
hydrolysis. Cellulose nanomaterial with the property of biocompatibility and
nontoxicity can be used for enzyme immobilization. In this work, urease enzyme
was used as a model enzyme to study the surface modification of cellulose
nanomaterial and its potential for biosensor application. The cellulose
nanocrystal (CNC) surface was modified using
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated
oxidation to introduce the carboxyl group at C6 primary alcohol. The success of
enzyme immobilization and surface modification was confirmed using chemical
tests and measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The
immobilization strategy was then applied for biosensor application for urea
detection. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used for electroanalytical
characterization of the urea biosensor.
Keywords: Biosensor;
cellulose nanomaterial; enzyme immobilization; surface modification
ABSTRAK
Bahan nanoselulosa dengan struktur seperti rod dan susunan hablur yang sangat bertertib, biasanya terbentuk dengan penghapusan bahagian amorfus daripada selulosa semasa hidrolisis asid. Bahan nano selulosa dengan sifat bioserasi dan tidak toksik boleh digunakan untuk pemegunan enzim. Dalam kajian ini, enzim urease telah digunakan sebagai enzim model untuk mengkaji pengubahsuaian permukaan pada bahan nanoselulosa dan potensi untuk aplikasi biosensor. Permukaan CNC diubah suai menggunakan kaedah pengoksidaan perantara-TEMPO untuk memasukkan kumpulan karboksil pada C6 alkohol primer. Kejayaan pemegunan enzim dan pengubahsuaian permukaan ditentukan dengan menggunakan ujian kimia serta diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer Ultra-lembayung Nampak. Strategi pemegunan ini seterusnya digunakan untuk aplikasi biosensor bagi penentuan urea. Teknik voltametri siklik (CV) dan teknik voltametri denyut pembezaan (DPV) digunakan untuk pencirian elektroanalisis biosensor urea.
Kata kunci: Bahan nano selulosa; biosensor; pemegunan enzim; pengubahsuaian permukaan
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*Corresponding author; email: leeyookheng@yahoo.co.uk
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