Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1625–1634
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-01
Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai
Agen Fitoremediasi dalam Rawatan Air Sisa Kumbahan
(Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as Phytoremediation
Agents in Sewage Wastewater Treatment)
MARLIA M. HANAFIAH*, NAN HAMIZA SYAZIRA MEGAT MOHAMAD
& NUR IZZAH HAMNA ABD. AZIZ
Pusat
Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received:
14 September 2017/Accepted: 17 March 2018
ABSTRAK
Akumulasi logam berat dan bahan pencemar ke
dalam ekosistem akuatik memberi impak negatif kepada alam sekitar dan organisma
akuatik. Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes merupakan
spesies yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang cepat
dan berkemampuan dalam mengakumulasi logam berat dan menyerap nutrien
menjadikan ia sesuai digunakan untuk merawat air sisa melalui kaedah
bioteknologi iaitu fitoremediasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk
menentukan kualiti air sisa kumbahan sebelum dan selepas rawatan menggunakan
kaedah fitoremediasi. Selain itu, objektif kajian ini juga adalah untuk
menilai keberkesanan Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai
agen fitoremediasi bagi rawatan air sisa. Sampel tumbuhan akuatik berbeza berat
iaitu 10, 20 dan 30 g diuji untuk rawatan tersebut.
Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan perbezaan kadar pengurangan
jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen yang bererti (p<0.05)
bagi 10, 20 dan 30 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sepanjang
kajian dijalankan iaitu daripada hari 0 sehingga hari ke-7. Keputusan kajian
juga menunjukkan 30 dan 20 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta dapat
menyingkirkan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen dengan lebih
cepat berbanding berat tumbuhan 10 g. Ujian ANOVA satu
hala juga tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti bagi kadar pengurangan
jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen antara Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta.
Kata kunci: Air sisa kumbahan; fitoremediasi; Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta
ABSTRACT
Accumulation of heavy metals and other pollutants into aquatic
ecosystem has negative impacts on the environment and aquatic organisms. Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes are
both species that have a rapid growth rate and ability to accumulate heavy
metals and absorb nutrients making these plants suitable to be used to treat
wastewater through biotechnology method of phytoremediation. This study was
conducted to determine the quality of sewage wastewater before and after
treatment using phytoremediation. In addition, the objective of this study was
to assess the effectiveness of Salvinia molesta and Pistia
stratiotes as agents for the treatment of sewage wastewater. Samples with
different aquatic plants with weight of 10, 20 and 30 g were tested for the
treatment. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant
difference (p<0.05) in the rate of reduction of total suspended
solids and ammoniacal nitrogen for 10, 20 and 30 g of Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta, from day 0 to day 7. The study also showed that the
removal of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen using 30 and 20 g of Pistia
stratiotes and Salvinia molesta were more efficient compared to 10 g.
One-way ANOVA test also showed no significant difference in the
rate of reduction of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen between Pistia
stratiotes and Salvinia molesta.
Keywords: Phytoremediation; Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta; sewage wastewater
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*Corresponding
author; email: mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my