Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1725–1730

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-11

Antiviral Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Aqueous Extract in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells

(Sifat Antivirus Akues Ekstrak Orthosiphon stamineus dalam Sel Terjangkit Virus Herpes Simpleks Jenis 1)

NUR SUHANA MOHAMAD RIPIM, NURAINI FAZIL, SAIDATUL NADRAH KHOLID IBRAHIM, ADIBAH AHAMAD BAHTIAR, YIP CHEE WAI, NAZLINA IBRAHIM & NOREFRINA SHAFINAZ MD NOR*

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 14 September 2017/Accepted: 17 April 2018

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to investigate the antiviral activity of aqueous extracts from Orthosiphon stamineus (OS). Extraction was done using different parts of OS. The whole plant except root (WPOS), leaves (LOS) and flowers (FOS) of OS were extracted using aqueous extraction method. Cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assays were carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of OS extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). These include post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays. High antiviral activity was observed in post-treatment and virucidal assay with 100% reduction of HSV-1 plaque at 0.39 mg/mL in LOS, FOS and WPOS. In pre-treatment assay, 79%, 84% and 97% plaque reduction using the same concentration was observed in FOS, LOS and WPOS, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that OS aqueous extract has promising potential to be explored as anti-HSV-1 agent regardless of the mode of treatment.

Keywords: Cytotoxicity; ethnopharmacology; MTT; plaque reduction assay; virucidal

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menguji aktiviti antivirus bagi ekstrak akuas daripada Orthosiphon stamineus (OS). Pengekstrakan telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan bahagian OS yang berbeza. Seluruh tumbuhan kecuali akar (WPOS), daun (LOS) dan bunga (FOS) OS telah diekstrak melalui kaedah pengekstrakan akues. Ujian kesitotoksikan telah dijalankan dengan asai 3-(4,5- dimetiltiazol-2,5-diphenil tetrazolium bromida (MTT). Asai pengurangan plak telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji aktiviti antivirus ekstrak OS terhadap virus herpes simpleks jenis 1 (HSV-1). Antaranya ialah asai pasca-rawatan, pra-rawatan dan virusid. Aktiviti antivirus yang tinggi telah diperhatikan dalam asai virusid dan pasca-rawatan dengan 100% pengurangan plak HSV-1 pada 0.39 mg/mL bagi LOS, FOS dan WPOS. Dalam pra-rawatan, sebanyak 79%, 84% dan 97% pengurangan plak pada kepekatan ekstrak yang sama telah dicerap masing-masing dalam FOS, LOS dan WPOS . Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak OS mempunyai potensi yang tinggi untuk dieksplotasi sebagai agen anti-HSV-1 tanpa mengira mod rawatan.

Kata kunci: Asai pengurangan plak; etnofarmakologi; kesitotoksikan; MTT; virusid

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*Corresponding author; email: efrina@ukm.edu.my