Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1741–1747

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-13

Cosolvent Selection for Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of Bioactive Compounds

from Orthosiphon stamineus

(Pemilihan Kopelarut Bagi Pengekstrakan Bendalir Lampau Genting (SFE) Sebatian

Bioaktif Daripada Orthosiphon stamineus)

MASNIZA MOHAMED@MAHMOOD^1,2, WAN RAMLI WAN DAUD¹, MASTURAH MARKOM^1* & CHE NURUL AIN NADIRAH CHE MANSOR²

¹Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET)

Lot 1988 Vendor City Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

Received: 15 September 2017/Accepted: 13 March 2018

ABSTRACT

In this work, a preliminary study was conducted to study the effects of different types and concentrations of cosolvents based on the total yield and antioxidants capacity prior to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Orthosiphon stamineus (locally referred as misai kucing). Initially, a comparison was made by cold maceration technique with nine types of different cosolvents, namely water, pure ethanol, 25% (v/v) of ethanol in water, 50% (v/v) of ethanol in water, 75% (v/v) of ethanol in water, pure methanol, 25% (v/v) of methanol in water, 50% (v/v) of methanol in water and 75% (v/v) of methanol in water. The antioxidant capacity was analysed by free radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Aqueous ethanolic solvent of 50% (v/v) ethanol in water showed the highest total yield of extract of 4.64 ± 0.02%. All antioxidant assays of TPC and TFC showed the highest value of 3.42 ± 0.08 mg GAE g⁻¹ extract, 4.7 ± 0.14 mg CAE g⁻¹ extract, respectively and IC50 value for DPPH was 0.625 μg/mL for 50% (v/v) ethanol in water extract. Based on the overall result, ethanolic solvents gave a better result for all antioxidant assays compared to those of methanolic solvents. Using the selected cosolvent, the identification of target compounds, which were rosmarinic acid, eupatorin and sinensetin from supercritical fluid extraction was determined by using HPLC. In conclusion, ethanol-water solvent was efficient in extracting bioactive compounds in O. stamineus and also improved the total yield, thus the usage of ethanolic solvent in different concentrations should be considered for further optimisation of SFE with cosolvent studies.

Keywords: High pressure extraction; Orthosiphon stamineus; supercritical fluid extraction

ABSTRAK

Kajian awal dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan jenis dan kepekatan kopelarut berbeza berdasarkan hasil ekstrak dan kapasiti antioksidan untuk pengekstrakan Orthosiphon stamineus (misai kucing) menggunakan pengekstrakan bendalir lampau genting (SFE). Perbandingan dibuat oleh teknik maserasi menggunakan sembilan jenis kopelarut yang berbeza iaitu air, etanol tulen, 25% (v/v) etanol dalam air, 50% (v/v) etanol dalam air, 75% (v/v) etanol dalam air, metanol tulen, 25% (v/v) metanol dalam air, 50% (v/v) metanol dalam air dan 75% (v/v) metanol dalam air. Kapasiti antioksidan ditentukan oleh aktiviti perencatan radikal bebas 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC) dan jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC). Pelarut etanol akueus 50% (v/v) etanol dalam air menunjukkan hasil tertinggi ekstrak iaitu 4.64 ± 0.02%. Semua ujian antioksidan TPC dan TFC, masing-masing menunjukkan nilai tertinggi 3.42 ± 0.08 mg GAE g⁻¹ ekstrak dan 4.7 ± 0.14 mg CAE g⁻¹ ekstrak dan nilai IC50 untuk DPPH ialah 0.625 μg/mL untuk ekstrak 50% (v/v) etanol dalam air. Berdasarkan hasil keseluruhan, pelarut etanol memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk semua ujian cerakin antioksidan berbanding hasil daripada pelarut metanol. Kajian selanjutnya untuk pengenalpastian sebatian sasaran asid rosmarinic, eupatorin dan sinensetin menggunakan kopelarut terbaik yang dipilih daripada pengekstrakan bendalir lampau genting (SFE) ditentukan dengan menggunakan HPLC. Kesimpulannya, larutan etanol akueus adalah lebih cekap dalam mengekstrak sebatian bioaktif dalam O. stamineus dan juga meningkatkan jumlah hasil, oleh itu penggunaan pelarut etanol dalam kepekatan yang berbeza harus dipertimbangkan untuk pengoptimuman SFE dengan kopelarut.

Kata kunci: Pengekstrakan bendalir lampau genting; pengekstrakan tekanan tinggi; Orthosiphon stamineus

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*Corresponding author; email: masturahmarkom@ukm.edu.my