Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1801–1810
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-19
Attitude
of Asians to Calcium and Vitamin D Rich Foods and Supplements: A Systematic
Review
(Sikap
Orang Asia terhadap Makanan yang Kaya dengan Kalsium dan Vitamin D dan Penambahan
Mutu Makanan)
CHIN YI CHAN, NORAZLINA MOHAMED, SOELAIMAN IMA-NIRWANA
& KOK-YONG CHIN*
Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan
Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Received:
11 January 2018/Accepted: 19 April 2018
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in Asian countries.
Optimum calcium intake and vitamin D level are important to prevent
osteoporosis. The attitude of the society towards calcium food
sources and supplements, as well as sun exposure, influence their
bone health practices. This review aimed to summarize the current
literature on the attitude of Asians on calcium and vitamin D
rich foods and supplements to understand the barriers among the
Asians in achieving adequate calcium intake and vitamin D level.
Studies showed that most Asians have a negative attitude towards
calcium-rich foods, mainly dairy products due to lactose intolerance,
aversion to the taste of dairy products or the absence of motivation.
Although they took supplements to fill the gap in their diet,
they were not aware of the daily recommended intake of calcium.
Besides, the majority of them have a negative attitude towards
sun exposure due to the fear of getting skin cancer or tanning.
As a conclusion, most of Asians are still not aware of the importance
of calcium and vitamin D for their health and their negative attitude
must be corrected to prevent the rise of osteoporosis.
Keywords: Barrier; bone; osteopenia; osteoporosis; perception;
25-hydroxyvitamin D
ABSTRAK
Kelaziman osteoporosis semakin meningkat di negara-negara Asia. Pengambilan
kalsium dan vitamin D yang optimum adalah penting untuk mencegah
osteoporosis. Sikap masyarakat terhadap sumber makanan kalsium
dan suplemen, serta pendedahan kepada cahaya matahari, boleh mempengaruhi
kesihatan tulang mereka. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan
kajian terkini tentang sikap orang Asia terhadap suplemen dan
makanan kaya kalsium serta vitamin D demi pengenalpastian sekatan
mereka untuk mencapai tahap pengambilan kalsium dan vitamin D
yang mencukupi. Kajian lepas telah menunjukkan kebanyakan orang
Asia mempunyai sikap yang negatif terhadap makanan kaya kalsium,
terutamanya produk tenusu, kerana mereka mengalami intolerans
laktosa, tidak suka rasa produk tenusu atau kekurangan motivasi.
Walaupun mereka mengambil suplemen untuk mengisi kekurangan dalam
diet, mereka tidak mengetahui tahap pengambilan kalsium yang disyorkan.
Di samping itu, kebanyakan mereka mempunyai sikap yang negatif
terhadap pendedahan cahaya matahari kerana takut mendapat kanser
kulit atau kulit gelap. Secara kesimpulannya, kebanyakan orang
Asia masih tidak mengetahui kepentingan kalsium dan vitamin D
untuk kesihatan mereka dan sikap ini harus diperbaiki untuk menghalang
peningkatan osteoporosis.
Kata kunci: Osteopenia; osteoporosis; pandangan;
sekatan; tulang; 25-hidroksivitamin D
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*Corresponding
author; email: chinkokyong@ppukm.ukm.edu.my