Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1835–1842

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-23

 

Perubahan Tahap Pencahayaan dalam Bilik Darjah di Sebuah Sekolah Pendidikan Khas Cacat Penglihatan dan Perbandingan Tahap Pencahayaan di bawah Keadaan Pencahayaan yang Berbeza

(Change in Level of Classroom Lighting at a Special Education School Distortion of Vision

and Comparison of Lighting at Different Lighting Conditions)

 

WAN NUR 'AMIRAH IBRAHIM¹, ZAINORA MOHAMMED^2*, NORLIZA MOHAMAD FADZIL², SUMITHIRA NARAYANASAMY³ & MOHD 'IZZUDDIN HAIROL³

 

¹Program Optometri dan Sains Penglihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

²Program Optometri dan Sains Penglihatan, Pusat Rehabilitasi dan Keperluan Khas,

Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

³Program Optometri dan Sains Penglihatan, Pusat Kesihatan Komuniti, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur,

Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

Received: 28 April 2017/Accepted: 13 March 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Illumination is one of the important physical aspects that influences comfortability during learning session particularly among visually impaired students. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in illumination level in classrooms during learning session at Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas (SMPK), Setapak. The second objective was to compare the illumination level in the classrooms under three different lighting conditions: daylight only, with additional artificial light and with removal of obstructions to daylight. Illumination levels in 17 classrooms was measured at one hour interval, between 8 am to 1 pm for the first stage and 19 classrooms under three different lighting conditions from 11 am to 12 noon for the second stage, using ILM1335 (ISO-TECH, Taiwan) digital luxmeter. Illumination level increased significantly from 8 am to 11 am (One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA: F(2.14, 34.26)=76.49, p<0 .001) and was maximum at 1 pm. The illumination level was highest for the condition of daylight with additional artificial light (One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA: F(2,34)=110.51, p<0.001) compared to other conditions. Illumination levels for daylight without obstruction was significantly higher than daylight only (pairwise comparison: p=0.001). Classroom illumination level was lowest in the early morning. However, classroom illumination can be increased either by removing the obstructions to daylight or with additional artificial lighting.

 

Keywords: Artificial lighting; classroom; daylighting; illumination

 

ABSTRAK

Pencahayaan adalah salah satu aspek fizikal penting mempengaruhi keselesaan semasa sesi pembelajaran terutamanya dalam kalangan murid penglihatan terhad. Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan perubahan tahap pencahayaan dalam bilik darjah semasa sesi pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas (SMPK), Setapak. Tujuan kedua adalah membandingkan tahap pencahayaan dalam bilik darjah untuk tiga keadaan cahaya berbeza iaitu di bawah cahaya cerah sahaja dengan tambahan cahaya buatan dan dengan menyingkir halangan terhadap cahaya cerah. Tahap pencahayaan diukur dalam 17 buah bilik darjah untuk sela satu jam antara jam 8 pagi hingga 1 petang untuk peringkat pertama dan 19 buah bilik darjah dalam tiga keadaan cahaya berbeza antara jam 11 pagi hingga 12 tengah hari untuk peringkat kedua pada sembilan kawasan yang sama menggunakan luxmeter digital ILM1335 (ISO-TECH, Taiwan). Tahap pencahayaan meningkat dengan signifikan dari jam 8 hingga 11 pagi (ANOVA sehala pengukuran berulang: F(2.14, 34.26)=76.49, p<0.001) dan mencapai tahap maksimum pada jam 1 petang. Tahap pencahayaan adalah tertinggi diperoleh pada keadaan cahaya cerah dengan tambahan cahaya buatan (ANOVA sehala pengukuran berulang: F(2,34)=110.51, p<0.001) berbanding dua keadaan lain. Tahap pencahayaan pada keadaan cahaya cerah tanpa halangan juga lebih tinggi secara signifikan berbanding cahaya cerah sahaja (perbandingan pasangan demi pasangan: p=0.001). Tahap pencahayaan bilik darjah adalah paling rendah pada waktu pagi. Namun, pencahayaan boleh dipertingkatkan melalui dua kaedah iaitu dengan menyingkir halangan kepada cahaya cerah atau dengan tambahan cahaya buatan.

 

Kata kunci: Bilik darjah; cahaya buatan; cahaya cerah; pencahayaan

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*Corresponding author; email: zainora@ukm.edu.my