Sains Malaysiana 48(1)(2019): 165–172

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-19

Pengaruh Teknik Pengeringan yang Berbeza terhadap Ketumpatan, Keliangan dan Kebioaktifan β-Wolastonit daripada Batu Kapur Tempatan dan Jerami Padi

(Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Density, Porosity and Bioactivity of β-Wollastonite from Local Limestone and Rice Straw)

HAMISAH ISMAIL, SHUN XIANG YAU, ROSLINDA SHAMSUDIN* & MUHAMMAD AZMI ABDUL HAMID

Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 14 February 2018/Accepted: 13 September 2018

ABSTRAK

Pengaruh teknik pengeringan yang berbeza terhadap ketumpatan, keliangan dan kebioaktifan sampel β-wolastonit dikaji dan dibandingkan antara dua teknik pengeringan; kering beku pada -40°C dan di dalam inkubator pada suhu badan (36.5°C). Sampel β-wolastonit dihasilkan daripada batu kapur terkalsin dan abu jerami dengan nisbah CaO:SiO2 pada 45:55. Campuran ini diautoklaf selama 8 jam, kemudian dikeringkan dan disinter pada suhu 950°C selama 3 jam. Sampel β-wolastonit dibentuk menjadi silinder dan dikeringkan menggunakan dua teknik pengeringan iaitu kering beku pada suhu -40°C selama 12 jam dan pada suhu badan (36.5°C) selama dua hari di dalam inkubator. Kemudian, sifat ketumpatan, keliangan dan kebioaktifan sampel berbentuk silinder ini diperiksa. Didapati bahawa penggunaan teknik pengeringan kering beku menghasilkan sampel β-wolastonit yang lebih tumpat, (3.20 gcm-3) berbanding pengeringan pada suhu badan (3.03 gcm-3). Sampel yang dikering beku mempunyai bilangan liang yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan sampel yang dikeringkan pada suhu badan, masing-masing dengan 47.5% dan 53.8%. Bagi sifat kebioaktifan, selepas direndam selama 21 hari di dalam larutan SBF, didapati kalsium fosfat amorfus (ACP) dengan nisbah molar Ca/P yang berkisar antara 1.2 - 2.0 dan hidroksiapatit kurang kalsium (CDHA) dengan nisbah molar Ca/P pada 1.5 - 1.67, terhasil pada permukaan sampel β-wolastonit bagi kedua-dua teknik pengeringan.

Kata kunci: Abu jerami padi; β-wolastonit; kebioaktifan; keliangan; ketumpatan

ABSTRACT

The influences of different drying techniques on the density, porosity and bioactivity of β-wollastonite samples were studied and compared between two drying techniques; freeze-dried at -40°C and in an incubator at body temperature (36.5°C). β-wollastonite samples were produced from calcined limestone and rice straw ash with CaO:SiO2 ratio of 45:55. The mixture was autoclaved for 8 h, and then dried and sintered at 950°C for 3 h. β-wollastonite samples were formed into cylinders and dried using two techniques, namely the freeze drying technique at -40°C for 12 h and at body temperature (36.5°C) for two days in an incubator. Then, the cylindrical samples were examined for their density, porosity and bioactivity properties. It was found that the freeze drying technique had produced denser β-wollastonite samples, (3.20 gcm-3) compared to drying at body temperature drying, (3.03 gcm-3). Freeze-dried samples had less pores compared to samples dried at body temperature, at 47.5% and 53.8%, respectively. In terms of bioactivity properties, after 21 days of immersion in the SBF solution, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), with Ca/P molar ratio that ranged between 1.2 - 2.0 and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.5 - 1.67 were found on the surface of the samples for both drying techniques.

Keywords: Bioactivity; β-wollastonite; density; porosity; rice straw ash

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*Corresponding author; email: linda@ukm.edu.my