Sains Malaysiana 48(2)(2019): 291–299

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4802-04

Survey of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Hatchery in Korea

(Tinjauan Virus Berdarah Septisemia Viral (VHSV) di Tempat Penetasan
Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus di Korea)

MIN-SEOK JANG¹, MYUNG-JOO OH¹, SEOK-RYEL KIM² & WI-SIK KIM^1*

¹Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

²Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Tongyeong 53085, Korea

Received: 9 April 2018/Accepted: 15 October 2018

ABSTRACT

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) generally occurs after juvenile olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) are moved from the hatchery to on-growing system in Korea during spring. However, it remains unclear whether fish are infected by VHS virus (VHSV) in the hatchery or the on-growing system. In the present study, a survey was conducted to investigate VHSV infection in 39 olive flounder hatcheries from 2014 to 2017. Fish were tested for the presence of VHSV by inoculating sample to fathead minnow (FHM) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells to observe cytopathic effect, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VHSV was not detected in any of the 2,430 fish (from 461 pooled and 156 unpooled samples), although 34 (20.3%) of 167 samples was found to be positive for marine birnavirus (MABV) by cell culture and RT-PCR. Antibody detection ELISA results showed that all 212 fish sera have optical density (OD) values below of 0.1, suggesting that these fish had no VHSV-specific antibodies. Moreover, VHSV was not detected in any of 40 pooled samples (172 fish) collected after shifting rearing water temperature from 17-21°C to 10-15°C. In conclusion, the 39 olive flounder hatcheries surveyed in Korea was not infected by VHSV.

Keywords: Hatchery; olive flounder; survey; viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus

ABSTRAK

Virus septisemia berdarah (VHS) biasanya berlaku selepas juvenil olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) berpindah dari tempat penetasan ke sistem perkembangan di Korea semasa musim bunga. Walau bagaimanapun, ia masih tidak jelas sama ada ikan telah dijangkiti oleh virus VHS (VHSV) di tempat penetasan atau dalam sistem perkembangan. Dalam kajian ini, suatu tinjauan telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji jangkitan VHSV pada 39 tempat penetasan olive flounder dari 2014 untuk 2017. Ikan telah diuji untuk kehadiran VHSV melalui inokulasi sampel fathead minnow (FHM) dan sel embrio chinook salmon (CHSE-214) untuk memerhati kesan sitopati, tindak balas rantai transkripsi-polimerase berbalik (RT-PCR) dan pengesanan antibodi enzim berkaitan cerakin imunosorben (ELISA). VHSV tidak dikesan dalam mana-mana 2,430 sampel ikan (dari 461 sampel tergembleng dan 156 tak tergembleng), walaupun 34 (20.3%) 167 adalah positif untuk birnavirus laut (MABV) melalui kultur sel dan RT-PCR. Keputusan pengesanan antibodi ELISA menunjukkan bahawa kesemua 212 sera ikan mempunyai nilai ketumpatan optik (OD) di bawah 0.1 yang menyarankan bahawa ikan ini tidak mempunyai antibodi khusus VHSV. Selain itu, VHSV juga tidak dikesan dalam mana-mana 40 sampel tergembleng (172 ikan) yang diambil selepas perubahan suhu air ternakan daripada 17-21°C kepada 10-15°C. Kesimpulannya, 39 tempat penetasan olive flounders yang dikaji di Korea tidak dijangkiti dengan VHSV.

Kata kunci: Olive flounder; tempat penetasan; tinjauan; virus septisemia berdarah viral

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*Corresponding author; email: wisky@jnu.ac.kr