Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 581–588

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-10

Different Imazethapyr Placements and Rainfall Amounts Affect Phytotoxic Activity of Imazethapyr in Combination with Oil Palm Frond Residue Mulches against Common Weeds in Landscapes

(Penempatan Imazetapir dan Kuantiti Hujan Mempengaruhi Aktiviti Kefitotoksikan Gabungan Imazetapir dengan Sungkupan Pelepah Kelapa Sawit terhadap Kawalan Rumpai dalam Landskap)

MUHAMMAD AMIRUL NORDIN¹, DILIPKUMAR MASILAMANY² & CHUAH TSE SENG^3*

¹School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Inbred Rice Program, Rice Research Center Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, (MARDI) 13200 Seberang Perai, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

³Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Received: 3 May 2018/Accepted: 15 December 2018

ABSTRACT

A combination of oil palm frond (OPF) mulch and imazathapyr has been shown to provide great inhibition of weed but its phytotoxicity may be influenced by imazethapyr placement on the OPF mulch and rainfall amount. This study aimed to evaluate effects of herbicide placement and rainfall amount on the phytotoxic activity of imazethapyr in combination with OPF mulches against goosegrass, slender cyperus and coat buttons under glasshouse conditions. Imazethapyr was applied at 10.4 g a.i. ha^-1 to under or above or as a pretreatment on the OPF mulch residue powder (< 2 mm) at 3.5 t ha^-1. Imazethapyr placement did not influence its inhibitory effects against weed emergence. Both pretreated mulches and imazethapyr applied under the mulches had comparable inhibition of seedling growth for goosegrass and slender cyperus. However, the pretreated mulches gave better seedling growth inhibition of both bioassay species as compared to those of imazethapyr that applied above mulches. Coat button was highly inhibited regardless of any imazethapyr placements. An increase in rainfall amount from 150 to 450 mm could increase the seedling emergence of goosegrass and slender cyperus from 30 to 80% when subjected to pretreated mulches. However, different rainfall amounts had no significant effect on coat buttons seedling emergence. The pretreated mulches could reduce weed seedling growth by 75 to 80% without being affected by the rainfall amounts. The present results suggested that phytotoxic activity of imazethapyr in combination with OPF residue mulches is dependent on imazethapyr placement, rainfall amount and weed species.

Keywords: Herbicide placement; imazethapyr; oil palm frond mulch; rainfall amount

ABSTRAK

Kombinasi antara sungkupan pelepah kelapa sawit (PKS) dan imazetapir telah menunjukkan perencatan rumpai yang baik tetapi kefitotoksikannya mungkin dipengaruhi oleh penempatan imazetapir pada PKS dan kuantiti hujan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan penempatan racun rumpai dan kuantiti hujan terhadap aktivit kefitotoksikan kombinasi imazetapir dengan sungkupan PKS terhadap rumput sambau, rumput wangi dan kancing baju di bawah keadaan rumah kaca. Imazetapir pada 10.4 g a.i. ha^-1 ditempatkan sama ada di bawah atau di atas atau sebagai pra-rawatan pada serbuk sungkupan PKS (< 2 mm) pada 3.5 t ha^-1. Penempatan imazetapir tidak mempengaruhi keberkesanannya terhadap perencatan kemunculan rumpai. Pra-rawatan sungkupan dan imazetapir yang disembur di bawah sungkupan mempunyai perencatan yang setanding terhadap pertumbuhan anak benih rumput sambau dan rumput wangi. Walau bagaimanapun, pra-rawatan sungkupan memberi perencatan yang lebik baik terhadap pertumbuhan kedua-dua spesies bioasai berbanding dengan yang disembur di atas sungkupan. Kancing baju mempunyai perencatan yang tinggi tanpa mengira sebarang penempatan imazetapir. Peningkatan kuantiti hujan daripada 150 hingga 450 mm dapat meningkatkan kemunculan anak benih rumput sambau dan rumput wangi daripada 30 hingga 80% apabila diperlakukan dengan pra-rawatan sungkupan. Walau bagaimanapun, kuantiti hujan yang berbeza tidak memberi kesan yang bererti pada kemunculan anak benih kancing baju. Pra-rawatan sungkupan dapat mengurangkan pertumbuhan benih rumpai sebanyak 75 hingga 80% tanpa dipengaruhi oleh kuantiti hujan. Keputusan kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa aktiviti kefitotoksikan imazetapir yang dicampur bersama sungkupan PKS adalah bergantung kepada penempatan imazetapir, kuantiti hujan dan spesies rumpai.

Kata kunci: Imazetapir; kuantiti hujan; penempatan racun rumpai; sungkupan pelepah kelapa sawit

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*Corresponding authors; email: chuahts@perlis.uitm.edu.my