Sains Malaysiana 48(4)(2019): 703–709

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4804-01

 

Effects of Open- and Self-Pollination on Fruit Set and Seed Quality in Jatropha curcas L.

(Kesan Pendebungaan Terbuka dan Penswadebungaan pada Buah dan Kualiti Biji Benih bagi Jatropha curcas L.

 

NURUL HIDAYAH CHE MAT¹, NISHA THOPLA GOVENDER¹, ZAHIRA YAAKOB² & WICKNESWARI RATNAM¹*

 

¹School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 20 December 2017/Accepted: 23 January 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Investigation on different mating systems is necessary to improve fruit and seed production and seed quality in Jatropha curcas. In the present study, a total of 150 female flowers belonging to five accessions from Indonesia and Malaysia were screened for traits associated with fruit set and seed quality under open- and self-pollination. The study was conducted at Biodiesel Research Station, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Pilah from April to September 2015. The number of fruits per plant (NFP), number of seeds per plant (NSP) and number of seeds germinated (NSG) showed significant differences among the mating systems. Under open-pollination, the maximum mean values for NFP, NSP, NSG and number of seedlings surviving after three months (NSS) were 10, 29, 27 and 18, respectively. Conversely, self-pollination scored at 9, 26, 22 and 18 for NFP, NSP, NSG and NSS, respectively. Seed weight (SWt) showed significant differences among accessions whereas seed length (SLT) showed significant differences among the mating systems and accessions. UKMJC20 (Indonesia) showed the best performance in terms of NFP under both open- and self-pollination whereas UKMJC21 (Malaysia) showed the best performance in terms of SWt and SLT under both conditions. Two (UKMJC13 and UKMJC21) out of five accessions showed occurrence of apomixis.

 

Keywords: Artificial pollination; Jatropha curcas; mating systems; open-pollination; seed quality

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian terhadap kepelbagaian sistem pembiakan adalah penting dalam usaha meningkatkan pengeluaran buah serta biji dan kualiti benih Jatropha curcas. Dalam kajian ini, sejumlah 150 bunga betina yang terdiri daripada lima penerimaan dari Indonesia dan Malaysia telah dinilai berdasarkan ciri yang berkait dengan penghasilan buah dan kualiti biji benih di bawah pendebungaan terbuka dan pendebungaan sendiri. Kajian ini dilakukan di Pusat Penyelidikan Biodiesel, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Pilah dari April hingga September 2015. Bilangan buah setiap pokok (NFP), bilangan biji setiap pokok (NSP) dan bilangan biji bercambah (NSG) menunjukkan perbezaan bererti antara jenis pendebungaan yang berlainan. Pendebungaan terbuka menunjukkan nilai min maksimum bagi NFP, NSP, NSG dan bilangan anak benih yang berjaya hidup selepas tiga bulan (NSS) masing-masing ialah 10, 29, 27 dan 18. Sebaliknya, pendebungaan sendiri masing-masing menunjukkan nilai 9, 26, 22 dan 18 untuk NFP, NSP, NSG dan NSS. Berat biji benih (SWt) menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti antara penerimaan sahaja manakala kepanjangan biji benih (SLT) menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti antara sistem pembiakan dan penerimaan. UKMJC20 (Indonesia) menunjukkan ciri yang terbaik daripada segi NFP dalam pendebungaan terbuka dan pendebungaan sendiri manakala UKMJC21 (Malaysia) menunjukkan ciri terbaik daripada segi SWt dan SLT dalam kedua-dua jenis pendebungaan. Dua (UKMJC13 dan UKMJC21) daripada lima penerimaan menunjukkan kewujudan apomiksis.

 

Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas; kualiti biji benih; pendebungaan bantuan; pendebungaan terbuka; sistem pembiakan

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*Corresponding author; email: wicki@ukm.edu.my