Sains Malaysiana 48(4)(2019): 765–771

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4804-08

 

Aspergilli and Their Aflatoxins Contamination of Poultry and Animal Feedstuff Samples in Western Region of Saudi Arabia

(Aspergili dan Pelumusan Aflatoksin Ayam dan Sampel Makanan Binatang Ternakan di Wilayah Barat Arab Saudi)

 

YOUSSUF A. GHERBAWY^1,2, YASSMIN M. SHEBANY^1,2* & HELAL ALHARTHY¹

 

¹Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 888, Saudi Arabia

 

²Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

 

Received: 12 August 2017/Accepted: 4 June 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus and their aflatoxins contaminations were studied in sixty poultry and animal feedstuff samples collected from the western region (Jeddah, Makkah and Taif cities) from Saudi Arabia. Fourteen species of Aspergillus were isolated and identified in the present investigation using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 27ºC. The identification of isolated Aspergillus was confirmed by using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing for representative species (194 species) of the collected Aspergillus sp. were sequenced and the obtained sequence results were deposited in Gene Bank under accession numbers. The sequence results indicated to the full correspondence between the molecular identification of the isolated fungi and the morphological identification. Moisture content was considered indicator for the number of Aspergillus isolated, therefore, Aspergillus and their aflatoxins were isolated in high counts from Jeddah and Taif according to the moisture content. Therefore, A. flavus was the most common species (59.78%), followed by A. niger (21.59%). The co-occurrence of Aspergillus species ranged from one species to 6 species per sample. The frequencies of occurrence for most afltoxigenic species isolated from studied samples ranged from 2 to 56%. Aspergillus flavus contaminated the majority of investigated feedstuff samples and the co-occurrence of more than one aflatoxigenic species was reported in many samples.

 

Keywords: Aspergilli; camel; horse; PCR; rabbit; sequencing

 

ABSTRAK

Aspergillus dan pelumusan aflatoksin telah dikaji dalam enam puluh ekor ayam dan sampel makanan binatang ternakan yang dikumpul dari wilayah Barat (bandar Jeddah, Makkah dan Taif), Arab Saudi. Empat belas spesies Aspergillus telah diasingkan dan dikenal pasti dalam kajian ini menggunakan Agar-agar Kentang Dekstrosa (PDA) pada suhu 27ºC. Pengecaman Aspergillus terasing telah disahkan dengan menggunakan penjujukan rantau dalaman transkripsi penjarak (ITS) untuk wakil spesies (194 spesies) Aspergillus sp. yang terkumpul telah dijujukan dan keputusan jujukan yang diperoleh disimpan di bank gen di bawah nombor penerimaan. Keputusan jujukan menunjukkan kesepadanan penuh antara pengenalan molekul untuk kulat yang terasing dan pengenalan morfologi. Kandungan lembapan dijadikan petunjuk bagi bilangan Aspergillus terasing, begitu juga Aspergillus dan aflatoksinnya telah diasingkan dalam kiraan tinggi dari Jeddah dan Taif mengikut kandungan lembapan. Maka A. flavus ialah spesies paling biasa (59.78%), diikuti oleh A. niger (21.59%). Kejadian spesies Aspergillus adalah daripada satu spesies kepada enam spesies setiap sampel. Kekerapan kejadian bagi kebanyakan spesies aflatoksigen yang diasingkan daripada sampel yang dikaji adalah daripada 2 hingga 56%. Aspergillus flavus mencemarkan majoriti sampel bahan makanan ternakan yang dikaji dan kejadian bersama aflatoksigen lebih daripada satu spesies dilaporkan dalam kebanyakan sampel.

 

Kata kunci: Arnab; Aspergilli; kuda; PCR; penjujukan; unta

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*Corresponding author; email: yoyomsh@yahoo.com