Sains Malaysiana 48(4)(2019): 791–801

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4804-11

 

Electrochemical Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 by using Charcoal-Based Metallic Composite Electrodes

(Penguraian Elektrokimia Reaktif Oren 16 Menggunakan Elektrod Komposit Logam Berasaskan Arang)

 

ZUHAILIE ZAKARIA^1,2, MOHAMED ROZALI OTHMAN¹, SITI ZUBAIDAH HASAN³* & WAN YAACOB WAN AHMAD¹

 

¹School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Production Audit Department, Syarikat Air Terengganu Sdn. Bhd., 20200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

³Research Centre for Sustainable Development Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 19 September 2018/Accepted: 23 January 2019

 

ABSTRACT

The performance of charcoal composite electrodes, by using commercial activated charcoal and charcoals from coconut trunk, mangrove wood, rubber wood, and sugarcane, was compared in an attempt to fabricate effective and low cost electrodes for wastewater treatment in textile industries. Reactive Orange 16 was chosen as a model dye because of its high resistance towards conventional treatment methods, while sodium chloride was selected as a supporting electrolyte. The electrode efficiencies were determined based on the percentage of Reactive Orange 16 decolourisation. The charcoals used, duration of electrolysis, functional groups present in charcoals, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and production of hypochlorite ion that contribute to the effectiveness of the electrodes were examined. The coconut trunk, rubber wood, sugarcane, mangrove wood, and commercially available activated charcoals that were incorporated into tin composite electrodes were able to degrade Reactive Orange 16 until 98.5%, 96.2%, 83.0%, 71.2%, and 29.6%, respectively, after 20 min of electrolysis. The degradation increases with duration of electrolysis. This study illustrated that the production of hypochlorite ion from sodium chloride in solution was the main factor that enhanced the Reactive Orange 16 colour removal. Adsorption process on the electrode surface did not play any significant role in the dye decolourisation.

 

Keywords: Agricultural waste; composite; decolourisation; electrolysis; reactive orange 16

 

ABSTRAK

Prestasi elektrod komposit berasaskan arang dengan menggunakan arang teraktif komersial dan arang daripada batang kelapa, kayu bakau, kayu getah dan tebu telah dibandingkan dalam satu percubaan untuk menghasilkan elektrod yang berkesan dan berkos rendah bagi perawatan air sisa industri tekstil. Reaktif Oren 16 dipilih sebagai pewarna ujian kerana ketahanannya yang tinggi terhadap kaedah perawatan konvensional manakala natrium klorida dipilih sebagai elektrolit penyokong. Keberkesanan elektrod ditentukan berdasarkan peratus penyahwarnaan Reaktif Oren 16. Jenis arang yang digunakan, tempoh masa elektrolisis, kumpulan berfungsi yang wujud dalam arang, luas permukaan Brunauer-Emmett-Teller dan penghasilan ion hipoklorit yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan elektrod tersebut telah dikaji. Arang daripada batang kelapa, kayu getah, tebu, kayu bakau, dan arang teraktif komersial yang dicampurkan dalam elektrod komposit tin mampu menguraikan Reaktif Oren 16 masing-masing sehingga 98.5%, 96.2% 83.0%, 71.2% dan 29.6% selepas 20 min elektrolisis. Penguraian ini meningkat dengan pemanjangan tempoh masa elektrolisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penghasilan ion hipoklorit daripada larutan natrium klorida merupakan faktor utama yang menyebabkan peningkatan dalam penyahwarnaan Reaktif Oren 16. Proses penjerapan pada permukaan elektrod tidak memainkan peranan penting dalam penyahwarnaan pewarna yang digunakan.

 

Kata kunci: Elektrolisis; komposit; penyahwarnaan; reaktif oren 16; sisa pertanian

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*Corresponding author; email: p88955@siswa.ukm.edu.my