Sains Malaysiana 48(5)(2019): 991–998

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4805-07

 

Effect of Diet Containing Palm Kernel Cake and Coconut Meal Cake on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Free-Range Chicken in Malaysia

(Kesan daripada Diet yang Mengandungi Isirung Kernal Sawit dan Isirung Kelapa pada Prestasi Pertumbuhan dan Kualiti Sembelihan Ayam Lepas Bebas di Malaysia)

 

M. MOHD SHAHMI HAKIMI1,2, Z. ALIAS3*, M.M. RAHMAN4, W.E. WAN KHADIJAH3,5 & R.B. ABDULLAH3,5

 

1Animal Biotechnology-Embryo Laboratory (ABEL), Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

2Glami Lemi Biotechnology Research Centre University of Malaya, 71650 Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

3UM Halal Research Centre (UMHRS), Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

4Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli Campus), 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

5Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

 

Received: 3 July 2018/Accepted: 25 February 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Significant increase in feed cost has forced many farmers to identify new alternative sources for free-range chicken diet by using local ingredients to replace imported feeds. This study aim was to evaluate the effect of age and diet containing palm kernel cake (PKC) and coconut meal cake (CMC) on feed intake, growth and carcass quality of free-range chickens in Malaysia. Two hundred crossbred free-range chickens were reared from day old to 12 Weeks of age. At 3 Weeks of age, chickens were divided into 2 dietary treatment groups: Commercial finisher diet (CFD) and formulated finisher diet (FFD) containing CMC and PKC, whereby the body weight and feed intake were measured weekly until the end of the study. The chickens were slaughtered at 9 and 12 Weeks of age. Most data showed no significant difference on growth performance between diets. Male CFD showed higher growth rate than the male FFD diet, while no significant difference was observed on growth rate of female chicken for both diets. Despite that, FFD fed chickens showed no significant different between CFD chickens in term of meat to bone ratio at 12th Week of age, indicating that FFD could result in production meat as good as CFD chickens and produce low undesirable products. In conclusion, CMC and PKC have the potential to be used in FFD as an alternative to CFD for free range chickens.

 

Keywords: Age; crossbred free-range chickens; finisher diet; growth performance; local feed sources

 

ABSTRAK

Kenaikan kos makanan yang ketara telah memaksa ramai petani mengenal pasti sumber alternatif baru, contohnya, menggunakan ramuan tempatan untuk menggantikan makanan yang diimport. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kesan umur dan diet yang mengandungi isirung kernel sawit (PKC) dan isirung kelapa (CMC) terhadap pengambilan makanan, pertumbuhan dan kualiti karkas ayam kampung di Malaysia. Dua ratus (200) ayam kampung kacukan diternak dari sehari hingga 12 minggu. Pada umur 3 minggu, ayam dibahagikan kepada 2 kumpulan rawatan diet: diet akhir komersial (CFD) dan diet formulasi akhir (FFD) yang mengandungi CMC dan PKC dengan berat badan dan suapan makanan diukur setiap minggu sehingga akhir kajian. Ayam disembelih pada umur 9 dan 12 minggu. Data menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi pertumbuhan antara diet. Ayam jantan yang diberi makan CFD menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada diet FFD ayam jantan, sementara tiada perbezaan yang signifikan diperhatikan pada kadar pertumbuhan ayam betina bagi kedua-dua diet. Walaupun begitu, FFD yang diberi kepada ayam menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara ayam CFD daripada segi nisbah daging hingga tulang pada minggu ke-12, menunjukkan bahawa FFD boleh menghasilkan pengeluaran daging yang baik seperti ayam CFD dan menghasilkan produk yang tidak diingini yang rendah. Sebagai kesimpulan, CMC dan PKC mempunyai potensi untuk digunakan dalam FFD sebagai alternatif kepada CFD untuk ayam kampung.

 

Kata kunci: Ayam kampung kacukan; diet akhir; prestasi pertumbuhan; sumber makan tempatan; umur

REFERENCES

Ahmed, E. & Azahan, E. 2011. Tracing the growth of crossbred village (kampung) chickens from hatch till maturity. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science 14(1): 1-5.

Alimon, A.R. 2004. The nutritive value of palm kernel cake for animal feed. Palm Oil Deveploment 40(1): 12-14.

Ariff, E.E., Tapsir, S., Sarmin, S. & Abu, K.A. 2010. Cost and return for local fowl rearing. Economic and Technology Management Review 5: 41-49.

Dzulfazly, A., Dahlan, I., Noraini, S., Azlan, M. & Rosnizah, I. 2016. Dried coconut flesh as potential feedstuff for ruminants. 37th MSAP Annual Conference. pp. 106-107.

Department of Statistic Malaysia. 2016. Supply and utilization accounts selected agricultural commodities Malaysia 2011-2015. The Office of Chief Statistician Malaysia. http://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/ cthemeByCat&cat=164&bul_id=L1FGWlV1SWx5VWIy ZUpCWjB4NzU1UT09&menu_id=Z0VTZGU1UHBUT1 VJMFlpaXRRR0xpdz09#.

Department of Veterinary Service Malaysia. 2017. Semenanjung Malaysia Populasi Ternakan Perangkaan Ternakan 2017/2018. http://www.dvs.gov.my/index.php/ pages/view/2234.

Engku Azahan, E.A., Azlina Azma, I.A. & Noraziah, M. 2011. Growth response of crossbred village (kampung) chickens to starter diets of differing energy contents. Malaysian Society of Animal Production 14: 51-55.

Fouad, A.M. & El-Senousey, H.K. 2014. Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: A review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 27(7): 1057-1068.

International Poultry Council. 2011. Chicken meat per capita consumption for top chicken producing countries. http://www. internationalpoultrycouncil.com/the-world poultryindustry/ statistics/chart/chicken/pe r-capita-consumption-of-poultry-meat. Accessed on 3 March 2017.

Kingori, A.M., Tuitoek, J.K., Muiruri, H.K. & Wachira, A.M. 2003. Protein requirements of growing indigenous chickens during the 14-21 weeks growing period. South African Journal of Animal Science 33: 78-82.

Khawaja, T., Khan, S.H. & Ansari, N.N. 2007. Effect of different levels of blood meal on broiler performance during two phases of growth. International Journal of Poultry Science 6(12): 860-865.

Liu, S.K., Niu, Z.Y., Min, Y.N., Wang, Z.P., Zhang, J., He, L. & Liu, F.Z. 2015. Effects of dietary crude protein on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemical indexes of Lueyang black-boned chickens from seven to twelve weeks of age. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 17(1): 103-108.

Liang, J.B., Fierkens, B., Roch, J.J. & Engku Azahan, E.A. 1995. Efficiency of metabolisable energy utilisation by commercial broilers and indigenous chickens in Malaysia. MARDI Research Journal 23: 59-62.

Mbajiorgu, C.A., Ng’ambi, J.W. & Norris, D. 2011. Effect of varying dietary energy to protein ratio level on growth and productivity of indigenous Venda chickens. Asian Journal Animal Veterinar Advances 6(4): 344-352.

Mupeta, B., Wood, J., Mandonga, F. & Mhlanga, J. 2000. A comparison of the performance of free-range chickens, under improved feed management, with the performance of hybrid chickens in tropical Zimbabwe. In Sustaining Livestock in Challenging Dry Season Environments: Strategies for Smallscale Livestock Farmers, Smith, T. & Godfrey, S.H. (Eds.). Proceedings of the third workshop on livestock production programme projects. pp. 26-28.

NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edition. Washington DC, USA: National Academy Press. pp. 19-34.

Oh, B.T. 1987. Malaysia: Economic importance. In Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A New Food Pellet Vaccine, Copland, J.W. (Ed.). Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 83-85.

Qiao, M., Fletcher, D.L., Smith, D.P. & Northcutt, J.K. 2001. The effect of broiler breast meat color on pH, moisture, water-holding capacity, and emulsification capacity. Poultry Science 80: 676-680.

Ramlah, A.H. 1996. Performance of village fowl in Malaysia. World’s Poultry Science Journal 52(1): 75-79.

Saenphoom, P., Liang, J.B., Ho, Y.W., Loh, T.C. & Rosfarizan, M. 2013. Effects of enzyme treated palm kernel expeller on metabolizable energy, growth performance, villus height and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal Animal Science 26(4): 537-544.

Saonoah, M.N. 2006. Panduan Penternakan Ayam Kampung. Putrajaya: Ibu Pejabat Jabatan Veterinar.

Sharmila, A., Alimon, A.R., Azhar, K., Noor, H.M. & Samsudin, A.A. 2014. Improving nutritional values of palm kernel cake (PKC) as poultry feeds: A review. Malaysian Journal of Animal Science 17(1): 1-18.

Supramaniam, P. 1987. Malaysia: Poultry production. In Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A New Food Pellet Vaccine, Copland, J.W. (Ed.). Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 81-82.

Tadelle, D., Kijora, C. & Peters, K.J. 2003. Indigenous chicken ecotypes in Ethiopia: Growth and feed utilization potentials. International Journal of Poultry Science 2: 144-152.

Yulvianti, M., Ernayati, W. & Tarsono, T. 2015. Pemanfaatan ampas kelapa sebagai bahan baku tepung kelapa tinggi serat dengan metode freeze drying. Jurnal Integrasi Proses 5(2): 101-107.

 

*Corresponding author; email: alias@um.edu.my

 

 

 

previous