Sains Malaysiana 48(5)(2019): 999–1009

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4805-08

 

GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Organic Extracts from the Stem of Bridelia stipularis

(Analisis GC-MS Juzuk Kimia dan Aktiviti Antioksidan Ekstrak Organik secara in vitro daripada Batang Bridelia stipulari)

SAMINA KHAN YUSUFZAI¹, MOHAMMAD SHAHEEN KHAN^2*, EUNICE LUA HANRY², MOHD. RAFATULLAH¹ & BELSHEERA BINTI ELISON²

 

¹School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1180 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

²Industrial Chemistry Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

 

Received: 29 August 2018/Accepted: 27 February 2019

 

ABSTRACT

In the present study the stems of the Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume, which is traditionally used by ethnic communities in Sabah, Malaysia, has been investigated for its chemical composition, total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) via Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis consuming hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and gallic acid and quercetin as internal standards. In vitro antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the application of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging assay using tert-butyl-1-hydroxytoluene (BHT) as comparative drug. The GC-MS profiling showed the presence of 1-dodecanol (40.917%), oxalic acid, cyclobutyl octadecyl ester (24.985%), 1-octanol,2-nitro (12.424%), benzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl- (9.583%), 4-tridecanol (6.359%) and nitric acid, nonyl ester (5.616%) as major constituents. The TPC (224.62 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) and TFC (160.48 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g) was reported highest for the most polar solvent i.e. ethyl acetate. The in vitro antioxidant study disclosed highest IC50 value for ethyl acetate (2.15 mg/mL), queued by chloroform (1.19 mg/mL) and hexane (0.89 mg/mL), displaying that polar solvents are good extraction solvents for the identification of free radical scavenging properties, TFC and TPC.

 

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; GC-MS; medicinal plants; total flavonoid content; total phenolic content

 

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian terbaharu, batang Bridelia stipularis (L.), Blume secara tradisi digunakan oleh etnik pribumi di Sabah, Malaysia, telah dikaji kerana komposisi kimia, kandungan jumlah flavonoid (TFC) dan jumlah (kandungan fenolik KUHP) melalui analisis Gas Jisim Spektroskopi Kromatografi (GC-MS) menggunakan heksana, kloroform dan etil asetat sebagai pengekstrakan pelarut, asid galik dan Quercetin sebagai piawai dalaman. Aktiviti antipengoksida (AA) in vitro ditentukan oleh aplikasi hidrazina 1,1-difenil-2- pikril (DPPH) radikal menghapus-sisa cerakin menggunakan tert-butil-1-hidroksitoluen (BHT) sebagai perbandingan dadah. GC-MS pemprofilan mendedahkan kehadiran 1-dodekanol (40.917%), asid oksalik, ester oktadekil cyclobutyl (24.985%), 1-oktanol,2-nitro (12.424%), benzaldehid, 2,4-dimetil-(9.583%), 4-tridekanol (6.359%) dan asid nitrik, ester nonil (5.616%) sebagai juzuk utama. Dalam TPC (224.62 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) dan TFC (160.48 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g) dilaporkan tertinggi bagi pelarut paling terkutub iaitu etil asetat. Kajian antioksidan in vitro dinyatakan nilai50 IC tertinggi untuk etil asetat (2.15 mg/mL), diikuti oleh kloroform (1.19 mg/mL) dan heksana (0.89 mg/mL), menunjukkan kutub pelarut yang baik pengekstrakan pelarut bagi pengenalpastian sifat radikal skaveng, TFC dan TPC.

 

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; GC-MS; jumlah kandungan fenolik; jumlah kandungan flavonoid; tumbuhan perubatan

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*Corresponding author; email: shaheenchem@gmail.com