Sains Malaysiana 48(6)(2019): 1209–1219

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4806-08

Effect of Synthesis Condition on the Structural Features of Ni-Ce Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

(Kesan Daripada Keadaan Sintesis Pada Ciri-Ciri Struktur Ni-Ce Pemangkin Dwilogam Disokong oleh Berbilang-Fungsi Dinding Karbon Nanotiub)

NUR SYAHIDAH AFANDI, MEHRNOUSH KHAVARIAN & ABDUL RAHMAN MOHAMED*

School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Received: 19 September 2018/Accepted: 19 March 2019

ABSTRACT

In this paper, screening study in regards to preparation of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWNT)-supported bi-metallic catalyst is discussed. Functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxylic acid are introduced on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) surface using acid treatment method with the aid of probe-type ultrasonication. It is done by varying the concentration of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4), acid volume ratio and treatment duration. Catalysts with different ratios of cerium and nickel nanoparticles which are either loaded inside or outside of MWCNT were prepared via ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method (NiCe/CNT). This is done to study the effect of cerium loadings. The characterization of the FMWNT and catalysts are carried out using transmission electron micrographs (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the treatment in concentrated HNO3/H2SO4 with volume ratio of 3:1 for 8 h was the most suitable condition to generate large amount of surface oxygen group with minimal defects. The observations for each used condition were discussed thoroughly. Decoration of MWCNT with different metal loadings resulted in different distribution and dispersion of metal on nanotubes surface.

Keywords: Functionalization; metal loading; multiwall carbon nanotubes; nickel-cerium based catalyst; ultrasonication

ABSTRAK

Dalam kertas ini, kajian saringan berkaitan dengan penyediaan pemangkin pemfungsian nanotiub karbon berbilang dinding (FMWNT) yang menyokong dua logam dibincangkan. Kumpulan fungsian seperti hidroksil dan asid karboksilik diperkenalkan pada permukaan tiub nano karbon berbilang dinding (MWCNT) menggunakan kaedah rawatan asid dengan bantuan ultrasonik jenis probe. Ia dilakukan dengan menvariasikan kepekatan asid nitrik (HNO3) dan asid sulfurik (H2SO4), nisbah isi padu asid dan tempoh uji kaji dijalankan. Pemangkin dengan nisbah zarah nano cerium dan nikel yang berbeza yang sama ada dimuatkan di dalam atau di luar MWCNT telah disediakan melalui kaedah pemendakan yang dibantu ultrasonik (NiCe/CNT). Ia dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan muatan cerium. Pencirian FMWNT dan pemangkin ditentukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron penghantaran (TEM), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), penganalisis termogravimetri (TGA), pencirian kawasan permukaan (BET), spektrometer pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan spektroskopi Raman. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa rawatan dalam HNO3/H2SO4 yang pekat dengan nisbah isi padu acid 3:1 selama 8 jam adalah keadaan yang paling sesuai untuk menghasilkan banyak kumpulan oksigen dengan kecacatan yang minimum. Pemerhatian bagi setiap keadaan yang digunakan dibincangkan dengan teliti. Penghiasan FMWNT dengan muatan logam yang berbeza mengakibatkan pengagihan dan penyebaran logam yang berbeza pada permukaan tiub nano.

Kata kunci: Fungsian; muatan logam; pemangkin berasaskan nikel - cerium; tiub nano karbon berbilang dinding; ultrasonikasi

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*Corresponding author; email: chrahman@usm.my