Sains Malaysiana 48(7)(2019): 1417–1424

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-10

Comparison of Phenolic Constituent in Hibiscus sabdariffa cv. UKMR-2 Calyx at Different Harvesting Times

(Perbandingan Sebatian Fenolik dalam Kaliks Hibiscus sabdariffa kv. UKMR-2 pada Masa Penuaian Berbeza)

SITI AISHAH MOHD ALI^1,2*, CHE RADZIAH CHE MOHD³ & JALIFAH LATIP¹

¹Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

³School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 10 January 2019/Accepted: 1 May 2019

ABSTRACT

The metabolic changes in the phenolics content of Hibiscus sabdariffa cv. UKMR-2 were investigated at different harvesting times based on the High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method using a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) with gradient elution. The antioxidant activity was also determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) assay. The cultivation was executed under a control condition, and the calyces were separately harvested at four maturation stages. UKMR-2 calyces were extracted with water via sonication (50°C, 30 min). HPLC-PDA analysis showed two predominant anthocyanins, namely delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (2.07-2.47 mg/g DW) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (0.55-1.01 mg/g DW). In addition, ascorbic acid (3.34-9.88 mg/g DW), caffeic acid (0.08-0.09 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (0.50-0.65 mg/g DW) were also detected in all maturity stages. Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside content increased as the calyx became more mature, whereas the delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside, ascorbic acid, and chlorogenic acid content declined towards calyx maturity. The antioxidant activity gradually increased as the calyx ripening progressed. However, the activities did not differ significantly between the stages (p>0.05). The high content of total phenolic, total anthocyanins, and free radical scavenging activity were detected at Stage 4 (28-30 DAA) in UKMR-2, suggesting that this stage is the most appropriate maturity stage for harvesting H. sabdariffa cv. UKMR-2 calyces compared to the other maturity stages.

Keywords: Antioxidant; H. sabdariffa cv. UKMR-2; maturity stages; phenolic content

ABSTRAK

Perubahan metabolik bagi sebatian fenolik pada masa penuaian yang berbeza telah dikaji dalam Hibiscus sabdariffa kv. UKMR-2 berdasarkan kaedah Kromatografi Cecair Berprestasi Tinggi menggunakan pengesan foto-diod (HPLC-PDA) dengan elusi kecerunan kepolaran. Aktiviti antioksidan juga ditentukan menggunakan asai penyah-radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Penanaman dilakukan di bawah keadaan terkawal dan penuaian kaliks dilakukan secara berasingan pada empat tahap kematangan. Kaliks rosel diekstrak dengan air secara sonikasi (50°C, 30 min). Analisis HPLC-PDA menunjukkan kehadiran dua sebatian antosianin iaitu delfinidin-3-O-sambubiosida (2.07-2.47 mg/g BK) dan sianidin-3-O-sambubiosida (0.55-1.01 mg/g BK). Selain itu, asid askorbik (3.34-9.88 mg/g BK), asid kafeik (0.08-0.09 mg/g BK) dan asid klorogenik (0.50-0.65 mg/g BK) juga dikesan dalam semua tahap kematangan. Kandungan sianidin-3-O-sambubiosida meningkat apabila kaliks menjadi lebih matang, sebaliknya kandungan delfinidin-3-O-sambubiosida, asid askorbik dan asid klorogenik menurun apabila kaliks mencapai kematangan. Aktiviti antioksidan menunjukkan peningkatan berterusan mengikut tahap kematangan. Walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak menunjukkan kesan signifikan antara tahap kematangan (p>0.05). Kandungan jumlah fenolik, jumlah antosianin dan aktiviti antioksidan yang tinggi dikesan pada Tahap 4 (28-30 DAA) bagi UKMR-2, mencadangkan tahap ini sebagai tahap kematangan untuk penuaian H. sabdariffa kv. UKMR-2 berbanding dengan peringkat kematangan yang lain.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; H. sabdariffa kv. UKMR-2; kandungan fenolik; tahap kematangan

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*Corresponding author; email: jalifah@ukm.edu.my