Sains Malaysiana 48(7)(2019): 1483–1490

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-17

Pencirian dan Pembezaan Osteogenik Sel Stem Pulpa Gigi Kekal dan Gigi Desiduos Manusia

(Characterization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cells from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth)

FARINAWATI YAZID¹, NUR ATMALIYA LUCHMAN¹, ROHAYA MEGAT ABDUL WAHAB¹

& SHAHRUL HISHAM ZAINAL ARIFFIN²*

¹Pusat Kesihatan Pergigian Keluarga, Fakulti Pergigian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

²Pusat Bioteknologi dan Makanan Berfungsi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 5 July 2018/Accepted: 26 April 2019

ABSTRAK

Sel stem pulpa gigi daripada gigi kekal (DPSC) dan gigi desiduos (SHED) merupakan sel stem mesenkima dewasa yang mudah diperoleh dan berpotensi di dalam terapi sel. Pengasingan sel ini melibatkan pendekatan yang kurang invasif. Pencirian dan potensi pembezaan osteogenik bagi DPSC dan SHED adalah penting untuk memanipulasi sel ini bagi tujuan perubatan regeneratif. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk pencirian dan pengenalpastian potensi osteogenik bagi sel stem dewasa yang diasingkan daripada tisu pulpa gigi kekal dan gigi desiduos manusia. Pulpa gigi dipencilkan daripada gigi kekal dan gigi desidus manusia menggunakan kaedah pencernaan enzim dan seterusnya dikulturkan sehingga pasaj 3. Morfologi sel dikenal pasti menggunakan perisian CellB. Kadar proliferasi DPSC dan SHED pula ditentukan menggunakan pengasaian tiazolilbiru tetrazolium bromida (MTT). Sementara itu, potensi pembezaan osteoblas bagi DPSC dan SHED ditentukan menggunakan analisis biokimia. Hasilnya, kedua-dua jenis sel ini menunjukkan morfologi menyerupai sel fibroblas pada pasaj 3. Kadar proliferasi SHED pula menunjukkan secara signifikan (p<0.05) ia jauh lebih tinggi berbanding DPSC. Kajian ini turut menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti alkali fosfatase (ALP) bagi SHED adalah secara signifikannya lebih tinggi berbanding dengan DPSC (p<0.05) apabila dikulturkan di dalam medium pembezaan osteoblas. Kesimpulannya, DPSC dan SHED mampu untuk membahagi dan membeza kepada osteoblas. Walau bagaimanapun, SHED telah menunjukkan kadar proliferasi serta potensi osteogenik yang lebih tinggi berbanding DPSC.

Kata kunci: Fibroblas; pembezaan osteoblas; proliferasi; pulpa gigi; sel stem mesenkima

ABSTRACT

Dental pulp stem cells from permanent (DPSC) and deciduous teeth (Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth; SHED) are adult mesenchymal stem cells that are easily available for cellular therapy. Isolation of these cells acquired less invasive approached. The characterization and osteogenic differentiation potential of the DPSC and SHED are important in manipulating these cells for regenerative medicine purpose. This study aims to characterize and determine the osteogenic potential of adult stem cells isolated from the permanent and deciduous dental pulp tissues. Dental pulp was extracted from human permanent and deciduous teeth using an enzymatic digestion method and cells were cultured until passage 3. Cell morphology was determined with CellB software. The proliferation rate of DPSC and SHED were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Meanwhile, the osteoblast differentiation potential of DPSC and SHED were determined by biochemical analysis. Both types of cells exhibited fibroblast-like morphology at passage 3. The proliferation rate of SHED was significantly higher (p<0.05) than DPSC. This study also showed that the osteoblast differentiation using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in SHED compared to DPSC. In conclusion, both cells are capable of proliferating and differentiating into osteoblast where SHED showed higher proliferating rate and osteogenic potential as compared to DPSC.

Keywords: Dental pulp; fibroblast-liked; mesenchymal stem cells; osteoblast differentiation; proliferation

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*Corresponding author; email: hisham@ukm.edu.my