Sains Malaysiana 48(9)(2019): 1975–1988

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4809-19

Preventive Effects of Polygonum minus Essential Oil on Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats

(Kesan Pencegahan Minyak Pati Polygonum minus ke atas Cisplatin-Aruhan Kehepatoksikan pada Tikus Sprague Dawley)

NORHASHIMA ABD RASHID¹, FARIDA HUSSAN³, ASMAH HAMID¹, NURUL RAUDZAH ADIB RIDZUAN², TEOH SEONG LIN² & SITI BALKIS BUDIN¹*

¹Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Human Biology Department, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 22 February 2019/Accepted: 1 July 2019

ABSTRACT

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in treating various types of cancer. However, its usage is restricted due to the adverse hepatoxicity, as seen in approximately 36% of cancer patients receiving cisplatin treatment. Polygonum minus essential oil has high antioxidant capacity, and is enriched with terpenoids and phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of P. minus essential oil (PmEO) supplementation on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male rats were divided into seven different groups, namely: control (C), cisplatin-induced (CP), positive control with β-caryophyllene 150 mg/kg (BCP), PmEO 100 mg/kg (PmEO100CP), PmEO 200 mg/kg (PmEO200CP), PmEO 400 mg/kg (PmEO400CP) and PmEO 400 mg/kg alone (PmEO400). PmEO and BCP was given orally for 14 days prior to a single dose cisplatin (10 mg/kg) injection on day 15 and rats were sacrificed on day 18. Liver enzymes, histology, ultrastructural morphology and oxidative stress markers such as glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were assayed. Compared to controls, levels of transaminase enzymes, serum bilirubin and oxidative stress were all increased in CP, PmEO200CP and PmEO400CP groups. However, only PmEO100CP and BCP groups reduced these increases in level of transaminase enzymes and oxidative stress compared to CP group. On both light microscopic and ultrastructural examination, CP and PmEO400CP groups showed hepatotoxicity, exhibited by cytoplasmic vacuolation, congested blood sinusoids and increased number of Kupffer cells. However, these changes were minimized in the PmEO100CP group. Therefore, we concluded that PmEO given at 100 mg/kg has preventive effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Keywords: Chemotherapeutic agent; cisplatin; liver enzymes; liver toxicity; Polygonum minus

ABSTRAK

Cisplatin adalah agen kemoterapi yang digunakan secara meluas untuk merawat pelbagai jenis kanser. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaannya adalah sangat terhad disebabkan oleh berlakunya kehepatoksikan dalam kalangan kira-kira 36% pesakit kanser yang menerima rawatan cisplatin. Minyak pati Polygonum minus mempunyai keupayaan antioksidan yang tinggi dan diperkaya dengan terpenoid dan sebatian fenolik. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan suplemen minyak pati P. minus (PmEO) ke atas cisplatin-aruhan kehepatoksikan di dalam tikus. Tikus jantan dibahagikan kepada tujuh kumpulan yang berbeza iaitu: kawalan (C), cisplatin-aruhan (CP), kawalan positif dengan β-caryophyllene 150 mg/kg (BCP), PmEO 100 mg/kg (PmEO100CP), PmEO 200 mg/kg (PmEO200CP), PmEO 400 mg/kg (PmEO400CP) dan PmEO 400 mg/kg sahaja (PmEO400). PmEO dan BCP diberikan secara oral selama 14 hari sebelum dos tunggal cisplatin (10 mg/kg) disuntik pada hari ke 15 dan tikus dikorbankan pada hari ke 18. Enzim hati, histologi, morfologi ultrastruktur dan penunjuk tekanan oksidatif seperti glutation, glutation peroksida, katalase, superoksida dismutase dan malondialdehid diasai. Berbanding dengan kawalan, tahap enzim transaminase, serum bilirubin dan tekanan oksidatif semuanya meningkat dalam kumpulan CP, PmEO200CP dan PmEO400CP. Walau bagaimanapun, hanya kumpulan PmEO100CP dan BCP mengurangkan tahap enzim transaminase dan tekanan oksidatif berbanding tikus aruhan cisplatin. Bagi kedua-dua pemeriksaan mikroskopik dan ultrastruktur, kumpulan CP dan PmEO400CP menunjukkan kehepatoksikan yang ditunjukkan oleh vakuolasi sitoplasma, sinusoid darah yang tersumbat dan peningkatan bilangan sel Kupffer. Walau bagaimanapun, perubahan ini diminimumkan dalam kumpulan PmEO100CP. Oleh itu, kami membuat kesimpulan bahawa PmEO diberikan pada 100 mg/kg mempunyai kesan pencegahan terhadap cisplatin-aruhan kehepatoksikan dalam tikus.

Kata kunci: Agen kemoterapi; cisplatin; enzim hati; ketoksikan hati; Polygonum minus

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*Corresponding author; email: balkis@ukm.edu.my