Sains Malaysiana 49(12)(2020): 2913-2925

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-04

Rapid ESKAPE Pathogens Detection Method using Tapered Dielectrophoresis Electrodes via Crossover Frequency Analysis

(Kaedah Pengesanan Pantas Patogen ESKAPE menggunakan Elektrod Dielektroforesis Tirus melalui Analisis Frekuensi Pindah Silang)

MUHAMMAD KHAIRULANWAR ABDUL RAHIM¹*, NUR MAS AYU JAMALUDIN¹, JACINTA SANTHANAM², AZRUL AZLAN HAMZAH¹ & MUHAMAD RAMDZAN BUYONG¹

¹Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 2 June 2020/Accepted: 15 July 2020

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the versatile of an electrokinetic technique by using the non-uniform electric field for dielectrophoresis (DEP) application. This technique is defined as electromicrofluidics. The potential application for portable and real time detection method of Enterococcus faecium (EF), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Enterobacter aerogenes (EA), which are the (ESKAPE) bacteria. The MATLAB analytical modelling was used in simulating the polarisation factor and velocities of bacteria based on Clausius-Mossotti factor (CMF). The validation of CMF simulation through the DEP experimental can be quantified based on the response of alternating current (AC) voltage applied using 6 voltage peak to peak (Vp-p) to their input frequencies from 100 to 15000 kHz. The droplet method was deployed to place properly 0.2 μL of sample onto DEP microelectrode. The velocities and crossover frequency (f_xo) ranges of bacteria were determined through bacteria trajectory in specific time interval monitored by microscope attached with eyepiece camera. The applied range of input frequencies from 100 to 15000 kHz at 6 Vp-p for each bacteria were successfully identified the unique ranges of frequencies response for detection application. The advantages of this works are selective with rapid capability for multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria detection application.

Keywords: Crossover frequency (f_xo); dielectrophoresis; ESKAPE bacteria

ABSTRAK

Makalah ini memperkenalkan satu teknik elektrokinetik yang menggunakan medan elektrik secara tidak seragam iaitu dielektroforesis (DEP). Teknik ini ditakrifkan sebagai elektromikrofluidik. Berpotensi bagi aplikasi secara mudah alih dan pada masa nyata untuk pengesanan  Enterococcus faecium (EF), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) dan Enterobacter aerogenes (EA) yang merupakan bakteria (ESKAPE). Pemodelan analitik MATLAB digunakan dalam mensimulasi faktor polarisasi dan halaju bakteria berdasarkan faktor Clasius-Mossotti (CMF). Pengesahan simulasi CMF melalui uji kaji DEP dapat dihitung berdasarkan tindak balas voltan arus ulang alik (AC) yang menggunakan 6 volt puncak ke puncak (Vp-p) terhadap frekuensi inputnya dari 100 sehingga 15000 kHz. Kaedah titisan digunakan untuk menempatkan 0.2 μL sampel ke atas permukaan mikroelektrod DEP dengan tepat. Julat halaju dan frekuensi pindah silang (f_xo) bakteria ditentukan melalui lintasan bakteria dalam selang waktu tertentu yang dipantau oleh mikroskop yang diintegrasikan bersama kamera. Julat frekuensi input yang dikenakan terhadap ESKAPE bakteria dari 100 hingga 15000 kHz pada 6 Vp-p untuk setiap bakteria berjaya dikenal pasti julat frekuensi pindah silang uniknya sebagai pengesanan. Hasil analisis, kelebihan penyelidikan ini adalah kebolehan secara selektif dengan kemampuan pantas untuk aplikasi pengesanan bakteria yang rentan kepada antibiotik (MDR), ESKAPE. Ini membolehkan aplikasi pengesan bakteria ini dilakukan secara tepat dengan menggunakan teknik yang mudah pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Dielektroforesis; ESKAPE bacteria; frekuensi pindah silang (f_xo)

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*Corresponding author; email: muhdramdzan@ukm.edu.my