Sains Malaysiana 49(12)(2020): 3189-3196

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-30

Characteristics of Gadolinium Doped Cerium at Different Calcination Temperatures for Intermediate Temperature SOFC

(Pencirian Sifat Gadolinium Terdop Serium pada Suhu Kalsinasi Berbeza untuk Suhu Pertengahan SOFC)

DAMISIH¹, ADE UTAMI HAPSARI¹, AGUSTANHAKRI¹, YELVIA DENI¹, OKA PRADIPTA ARJASA¹, MAHENDRA ANGGARAVIDYA¹, JAROT RAHARJO¹* & MAHENDRA RAO SOMALU²

¹Center for Materials Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Building 224, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia

²Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 6 August 2020/Accepted: 11 September 2020

ABSTRACT

Gadolinium doped cerium (Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.95 or GDC10) was successfully synthesized using the solid-state method. Commercially available CeO₂ and Gd₂O₃ powders were used as starting materials. They were mixed in a ball mill where alumina balls were added as grinding medium with the ratio to powders as of 1:2. The obtained powders were dried and then calcined at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 °C, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of calcination temperature on the properties of GDC10. The powders were characterized using XRF, TGA, XRD, and PSA instruments. XRF analysis shows the presence of Ce, Gd and O elements in stoichiometric composition without any impurities. XRD analysis showed single phase structure of CeO₂ where the crystallite size and lattice parameter increases and decreases, respectively, as the calcination temperature increases. The smallest particle size of 647.3 nm was obtained at the calcination temperature of 600 °C. The density of all GDC10 samples sintered at 1350 °C was found to be higher than 95%. In addition, the calcination temperature also influenced the ionic conductivity where the highest obtained value was 0.0153 S.cm^-1 at 800 °C for the sample calcinaed at 600 °C. The results suggest that the calcination temperature affected the properties of GDC10 for solid oxide fuel cell application.

Keywords: Ball milling; calcination temperature; IT-SOFC; solid-state

ABSTRAK

Gadolinium terdop cerium (Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.95 atau GDC10) telah berjaya disintesis dengan menggunakan kaedah keadaan pepejal. Serbuk CeO₂ dan Gd₂O₃ yang tersedia komersial digunakan sebagai bahan pertama tindak balas. Kesemua bahan pemula telah dicampur dalam pengisar beboladengan bebola alumina digunakan sebagai medium pengisar dengan nisbah kepada serbuk ialah 1:2. Serbuk yang diperoleh dikeringkan dan kemudian masing-masing dikalsin pada suhu 600, 700 dan 800 °C. Objektif penyelidikan ini ialah untuk mengkaji kesan suhu pengkalsinanan ke atas sifat-sifat GDC10. Pencirian serbuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan alatan XRF, TGA, XRD dan PSA. Analisis XRF menunjukkan kehadiran unsur-unsur Ce, Gd dan O dalam komposisi stoikiometri tanpa kehadiran sebarang bahan bendasing. Analisis XRD menunjukkan struktur fasa tunggal CeO₂dengan saiz kristal meningkat apabila suhu pengkalsinan bertambah manakala parameter kekisi sebaliknya. Saiz zarah terkecil 647.3 nm diperoleh pada suhu kalsinasi 600 °C. Ketumpatan semua sampel GDC10 yang disinter pada 1350 °C lebih tinggi daripada 95%. Di samping itu, suhu pengkalsinan juga mempengaruhi kekonduksian ion dengan nilai tertinggi yang diperoleh ialah 0.0153 S.cm^-1 pada suhu 800 °C untuk sampel yang dikalsin pada suhu 600 °C. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa suhu pengkalsinan mempengaruhi sifat-sifat GDC10 untuk aplikasi sel fuel oksida pepejal.

Kata kunci: IT-SOFC; keadaan pepejal; penggilangan bebola; suhu kalsinasi

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*Corresponding author; email: jarot.raharjo@bppt.go.id