Sains Malaysiana 49(2)(2020): 405-410

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4902-19

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extract of Alternanthera sessilis

(Aktiviti Rencatan Xantina Oksidase Ekstrak Metanol Alternanthera sessilis)

CHONG SHARMAINE & LOH KHYE ER*

Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College

Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 25 September 2019/Accepted: 5 November 2019

ABSTRACT

Gout is caused by abnormal high level of uric acid in the body resulting from the deposition of urate crystals. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in which xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol, an effective anti-hyperuricemic agent has limited clinical usage due to its adverse reactions. Therefore, it is very urgent to search for better phytochemicals, which possess ability as xanthine oxidase inhibitor. In the present study, hydromethanolic extract of red and green sessile joyweed, Alternanthera sessilis was evaluated for its in vitro XO inhibitory potential. Enzyme kinetic was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot. Methanolic extract of green sessile joyweed showed higher XO inhibition compared to red sessile joyweed. The IC₅₀ of XO inhibitory activity for green sessile joyweed was 557.77 ± 56.47 µg/mL. The mode of inhibition for red and green sessile joyweed was uncompetitive and non-competitive, respectively. The potential of green sessile joyweed as a source of natural XO inhibitor in the treatment of hyperuricemia or gout has been reported for the first time.

Keywords: Green sessile joyweed; mode of inhibition; red sessile joyweed; xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Abstrak

Gout adalah disebabkan oleh asid urik yang berlebihan di dalam badan yang mengakibatkan pemendapan kristal gram urik. Asid urik adalah produk akhir metabolisma purin dengan xantina oksidase memangkinkan oksidasi hipoxantina dan xantina kepada asid urik. Penggunaan klinikal alopurinol, sejenis ejen anti-hiperurisemik yang efektif, menjadi terhad disebabkan oleh kesannya yang buruk. Maka, pencarian bahan kimia tumbuhan yang lebih baik dan mempunyai keupayaan sebagai perencat xantina oksidase perlu dipercepatkan. Dalam kajian ini, potensi perencatan xantina oksidase secara in vitro bagi ekstrak hidro-metanol keremak merah dan hijau (Alternanthera sessilis) telah dikaji. Kinetik enzim juga telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan plot Lineweaver-Burk. Keremak hijau didapati mempunyai kuasa perencatan xantina oksidase yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan keremak merah. IC₅₀ bagi aktiviti perencatan xantina oksidase keramak hijau adalah 557.77 ± 56.47 µg/mL. Mod perencatan bagi keremak merah dan hijau adalah masing-masing tak berpersaingan dan tidak- berpersaingan. Potensi keremak hijau sebagai sumber perencatan xantina oksidase semula jadi dalam rawatan hiperurisemia dan gout telah dilaporkan buat kali pertama.

Kata kunci: Keremak hijau; keremak merah; mod perencatan; perencat xantina oksidase

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*Corresponding author; email: lohke@tarc.edu.my