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Sains Malaysiana
49(3)(2020): 483-492 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-03
Carbonized
Rice Husk and Cocopeat as Alternative
Media Bed for Aquaponic System (Sekam Bakar dan
Sabut Kelapa
sebagai Media Alternatif untuk Sistem Akuaponik) MUHD
NAZRUL HISHAM ZAINAL ALAM1, NUR SYAHMI IZZATI ALI OTHMAN2, SANI AMRIL SAMSUDIN1,
ANWAR JOHARI2,3, MIMI HARYANI HASSIM2,3 &
MOHD JOHARI KAMARUDDIN2,3* 1Department of Bioprocess
and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia 2Department of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia 3Centre of Hydrogen
Energy (CHE), Institute of Future Energy, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia Received:
21 July 2019/Accepted: 23 November 2019 ABSTRACT The study evaluates the suitability of carbonized rice
husk and cocopeat substrates as alternative
media bed in aquaponics unit for cultivation of red Nile tilapia
and Gynura procumbens. Area occupied
by the aquaponics unit is about 4.5 m2 and it was operated
under equatorial climate conditions. Various substrates namely lightweight expanded
clay aggregate (LECA), cocopeat, carbonized rice husk and a mixture of cocopeat-rice husk at ratio 1:1 were prepared using polybags
for growing of the longevity spinach. The resultant effects from
fish cultivation and plants growth on the water qualities and nitrification
efficiency of the aquaponics unit were reported. The aquaponics
unit were operated for twelve weeks and the values of pH, temperature,
and dissolved oxygen level were measured to be within the range
of 6.4-6.9, 27.7-29oC, and 5.5-7 mg·L-1, respectively.
Survival rate for fish was 98% with specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio
(FCR) of 6.9% per day and 1.13, respectively. Nutrient deficiency
was not evident and plants showed healthy growth with harvest yield
ranging between 3.6 and 3.9 kg·m-2. Results attained
signified the suitability of utilizing carbonized rice husk and
cocopeat as alternatives media bed compared
to commercial media bed such as LECA. Keywords: Aquaponics; Gynura procumbens; LECA; media grow bed; red Nile Tilapia ABSTRAK Kajian ini menilai
kesesuaian bahan
sekam bakar dan
sabut kelapa
sebagai media alternatif dalam unit akuaponik bagi pembiakan tilapia merah dan Gynura procumbens. Keluasan unit akuaponik yang dibentuk ialah 4.5 m2 dan operasi dijalankan di bawah keadaan cuaca
khatulistiwa. Pelbagai bahan termasuk gumpalan tanah liat ringan (LECA), sekam bakar, sabut
kelapa dan campuran sabut kelapa dan sekam
bakar pada nisbah 1:1 disediakan menggunakan polibeg bagi pertumbuhan sambung nyawa. Kesan paduan daripada
pembiakan ikan
dan pertumbuhan pokok pada kualiti
air dan keberkesanan
tindak balas nitrifikasi
unit akuaponik dilaporkan.
Unit akuaponik tersebut beroperasi selama dua belas minggu
dan nilai pH,
suhu dan tahap
oksigen terlarut
didapati berada dalam lingkungan 6.4-6.9, 27.7-29oC
dan 5.5-7 mg·L-1. Kadar kelangsungan hidup ikan adalah 98% dengan kadar pertumbuhan
tentu (SGR) dan
kadar penukaran makanan (FCR) ialah masing masing pada 6.9% per hari
dan 1.13. Tiada kesan kekurangan
nutrien dan
pokok menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang sihat dengan hasil tuaian
berkisar antara
3.6 hingga 3.9
kg·m-2. Keputusan yang diperoleh membuktikan kebolehsesuaian dalam penggunaan bahan sekam bakar
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