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Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 503-515 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-05
Morpho-agronomical and Biochemical Traits Screening and Genetic Variability in
Selected Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Mutant Lines (Ciri Morfo-agronomi dan Biokimia Penyaringan
serta Kebolehubahan
Genetik pada Garis
Mutan Jintan
Hitam (Nigella sativa) Terpilih) MOHAMMED ELSAYED
EL-MAHROUK1, MOSSAD KHAIRY MAAMOUN2, OMNEYA
FAROUK ABU EL-LEEL3, YASER HASSAN DEWIR1,4*,
ANTAR NASR EL-BANNA5, YOUGASPHREE NAIDOO6
& SUBODH KUMAR DATTA7 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt 2Breeding research Department for Vegetables Crops, Aromatic & Medicinal
Plants, Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center,
Giza, Egypt 3Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Department, Horticulture Research
Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, Egypt 4Plant Production Department, P.O. Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture
Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 5Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt 6School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus,
Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa 7Ex-C.S.I.R., Emeritus Scientist, India Received: 20 October 2019/Accepted: 12 November 2019 ABSTRACT The production of
new Nigella sativa cultivars by plant breeding programs
is difficult due to its narrow genetic base. A number of induced
morphological traits, yield components and percent content of fatty
acid methyl esters in the parent line and nine selected mutants
(Mt1-Mt9) have been reported in two generations (M3 and
M4) of N. sativa to determine the best genotype
to release as a new cultivar. The results showed that Mt2 plants
were the tallest (118.3 and 149.7 cm in M3 and M4,
respectively). The highest seed yield per plant was measured for
Mt5; Mt4 showed the highest per cent of palmitic and stearic acids,
11.93% and 13.70%, respectively; whereas Mt8 had the highest percent
content (45.67%) of linoleic acid. Five Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)
markers were used to investigate genetic variability within mutant
lines and their parent. These primers generated 71 reproducible
and scorable amplification products across
the genotypes tested. Fifty-eight of these fragments were highly
polymorphic (81.7%). The proportion of common bands (13) was low
(18.3%). All primers produced unique fragments and generated 33
specific alleles. The average number of amplification products per
primer was 14.2. The size of ISSR amplified fragments varied from
1109 to 148 base pairs (bp). The similarity between each mutant and the parent line
varied from 0.56% to 100%. Finally, the present investigation indicated that
mutants Mt5 and Mt6 are promising high yielding genotypes which
can be recommended as new cultivars, whereas Mt3 and Mt7 possess
an attractive phenotype appropriate for ornamental use. Keywords: Fatty
acid; ISSR; mutant; Nigella sativa; yield
ABSTRAK Penghasilan kultivar Nigella sativa baharu melalui program pembiakan tumbuhan adalah sukar kerana asas
genetik yang sempit.
Beberapa ciri morfologi
yang diinduksi, komponen
hasil dan kandungan
peratus metil
ester asid lemak dalam
titisan induk
dan sembilan mutan
terpilih (Mt1-Mt9) telah
dilaporkan dalam dua generasi (M3 dan M4) N. sativa untuk menentukan
genotip terbaik yang boleh dikeluarkan sebagai kultivar baharu. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tumbuhan Mt2 adalah tertinggi (118.3 dan 149.7 cm masing-masing dalam M3
dan M4). Hasil
bijian tertinggi telah diukur bagi
tumbuhan Mt5, Mt4 menunjukkan
kadar tertinggi
asid palmitik dan
stearik, masing-masing
11.93% dan 13.70%, manakala
Mt8 mempunyai kandungan
peratus tertinggi (45.67%) bagi asid linoleik.
Sebanyak lima penanda
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat
(ISSR) digunakan untuk mengkaji kebolehubahan genetik dalam titisan
mutan dan induk mereka. Pencetus
ini menjanakan
71 produk amplifikasi yang boleh diulang dan
penskoran merentas
genotip yang diuji. Sejumlah 58 fragmen ini sangat polimorfik
(81.7%). Perkadaran jalur
biasa (13) adalah rendah (18.3%). Semua pencetus menghasilkan serpihan unik dan
menghasilkan 33 alel
khusus. Purata bilangan produk amplifikasi bagi setiap pencetus adalah 14.2. Saiz serpihan ISSR yang diperkuat bervariasi daripada 1109 hingga 148 pasangan asas (bp). Kesamaan
antara setiap
mutan dan garis
induk adalah
antara 0.56% hingga 100%. Akhirnya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa mutan MT5 dan Mt6 merupakan genotip yang memberikan hasil yang tinggi dan boleh disyorkan
sebagai kultivar
baru, manakala Mt3 dan Mt7 mempunyai fenotip yang sesuai untuk kegunaan tumbuhan hiasan. Kata kunci: Asid lemak; hasil;
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