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Sains
Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 583-591 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-13
The Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the Oral Cavity of Healthy Adults in Malaysia (Kelaziman Staphylococcus aureus pada
Kaviti Oral
Dewasa
Sihat di
Malaysia) AMIR HARRIZ AZMI1, SITI NOOR ADNALIZAWATI ADNAN2 &
NORMALIZA AB MALIK1* 1Department
of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory,
Malaysia 2Department
of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti
Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia Received: 17 February 2019/Accepted: 6 December 2019 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to
determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of healthy
adults and the
factors that may influence the presence of the bacteria. A cross-sectional
study was conducted on a number of selected healthy adults
in a district in Malaysia, during which, information
about
their socio-demographic background and oral hygiene practices
was
obtained. Oral rinse
samples
of the respondents were also collected using phosphate buffered saline and the data
obtained was
subsequently analyzed using SPSS. A
total of 140 oral rinse samples were collected and the results of the analysis conducted
showed a prevalence of approximately 40% of the Staphylococcus
aureus in the oral cavity of the participants. There was no significant
association observed between both the socio-demographic factor and oral hygiene
practices with
the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The use of prostheses
was found to be a significant factor for a higher prevalence
of Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity (OR 5.13;
P<0.05, 95%CI 1.410 - 18.76). The
prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of healthy
adults was high and the
use of prostheses was a factor associated with the presence
of the
bacteria. This accentuates the importance
of a good oral hygiene, as oral cavity
can be the primary route for Staphylococcus aureus to cause potential systemic
infections. Keywords: Adults; infection; oral cavity; oral health;
Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Tujuan kajian
ini adalah untuk mengenal
pasti prevalen
bakteria Staphylococcus aureus di dalam rongga mulut orang
dewasa yang sihat dan faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi kewujudan bakteria tersebut. Suatu kajian
keratan lintang telah dijalankan
ke
atas sejumlah orang dewasa yang sihat di satu daerah di Malaysia dan semasa kajian tersebut,
maklumat mengenai latar belakang sosio-demografi dan amalan-amalan
penjagaan kebersihan mulut peserta telah diperoleh.
Larutan
bergaram tertimbal fosfat iaitu sampel air kumuran daripada peserta dikumpulkan dan data
yang diperoleh seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS. Sebanyak 140 sampel dikumpul dan hasil kajian
menunjukkan peratusan
prevalen Staphylococcus aureus di dalam rongga mulut peserta setinggi 40%. Selain itu, didapati bahawa
tidak wujud perkaitan signifikan antara kedua-dua faktor sosio-demografi
dan amalan
kebersihan mulut dengan
kehadiran Staphylococcus aureus. Sementara itu, kajian juga
menunjukkan bahawa protesis gigi ialah faktor penyumbang utama kepada
peratusan tinggi prevalen Staphylococcus aureus di dalam
rongga mulut (OR 5.13; P < 0.05, 95% CI 1.410 – 18.76). Prevalen
Staphylococcus aureus di dalam rongga mulut orang dewasa
yang sihat adalah tinggi dan prostesis gigi ialah faktor yang dikaitkan
dengan kewujudan bakteria tersebut di dalam rongga mulut. Ini menegaskan
lagi betapa pentingnya kebersihan mulut yang baik, kerana rongga
mulut boleh menjadi laluan utama bagi Staphylococcus aureus
yang akan menyebabkan kemungkinan berlakunya jangkitan sistemik.
Kata kunci: Dewasa; jangkitan; kesihatan
mulut; rongga mulut;
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