Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 603-611

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-15

Effects of Plant Oligosaccharides Derived from Dragon Fruit on Gut Microbiota in Proximal and Distal Colon of Mice

(Kesan Tumbuhan Oligosakarida yang Diambil daripada Buah Naga pada Mikrobiota Usus dalam Kolon Proksi dan Distal Tikus)

SARANYA PEERAKIETKHAJORN^1,3*, NILOBON JEANMARD^1,3, PAPATSORN CHUENPANITKIT^1,3, SAKENA K-DA^1,2,3, KANRAWEE BANNOB^1,2 & PISSARED KHUITUAN^2,3

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

²Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

³Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

Received: 19 April 2019/Accepted: 18 November 2019

ABSTRACT

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are used as supplements to improve colon health. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit (DFO) are a mixture of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and have prebiotic properties that increase beneficial bacteria in vitro. This study aimed to investigate changes in gut microbiota in the colon of mice fed a diet supplemented with DFO. Treatment groups were fed 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of DFO, 1000 mg/kg FOS and distilled water. The results showed that DFO did not change the body weight of mice, but altered microbiota in the proximal and distal colon. Populations of Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroides were among the highest proportions of bacteria represented after all treatments. Lactobacillus was also found in the proximal and distal colon. Moreover, qPCR results showed that Bifidobacteria increased in the distal colon of mice treated with 100 and 1000 mg/kg DFO for 14 days, while Lactobacilli increased in the proximal colon of mice treated with 500 mg/kg DFO for 7 days. In contrast, Enterococci decreased in the proximal colon of mice that were given 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of DFO and 1000 mg/kg of FOS for 14 days. These results suggested that DFO is capable of increasing populations of beneficial bacteria while decreasing populations of some other bacteria. 

Keywords: Colon; dragon fruit; gut microbiota; prebiotic oligosaccharides

ABSTRAK

Oligosakarida prebiotik digunakan sebagai suplemen untuk menambahbaik kesihatan kolon. Oligosakarida yang diambil daripada buah naga (DFO) adalah campuran frukto-oligosakarida (FOS) dan mempunyai sifat prebiotik yang meningkatkan bakteria berfaedah secara in vitro. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan dalam mikrobiota usus pada kolon tikus diberi makan diet disuplementasi dengan DFO. Kumpulan rawatan diberi makan 100, 500 dan 1000 mg/kg DFO, 1000 mg/kg FOS dan air suling. Keputusan menunjukkan DFO tidak mengubah berat tikut tetapi meminda  mikrobiota pada proksimal dan kolon distal. Populasi Blautia, Parabacteroides dan Bacteroides adalah antara perkadaran tertinggi bakteria selepas rawatan. Lactobacillus juga ditemui pada proksimal dan kolon distal. Tambahan lagi, keputusan qPCR menunjukkan bahawaa Bifidobacteria meningkat dalam kolon distal tikus dirawat dengan 100 dan 1000 mg/kg DFO untuk 14 hari, manakala Lactobacilli meningkat dalam kolon distal tikus dirawat dengan 500 mg/kg DFO untuk 7 hari. Secara kontra, Enterococci menurun dalam kolon distal tikus yang diberi makan 100, 500 dan 1000 mg/kg DFO serta 1000 mg/kg FOS untuk 14 hari. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa DFO berupaya untuk meningkatkan populasi bakteria berfaedah sambil menurunkan populasi bakteria lain.

Kata kunci: Buah naga; kolon; mikrobiota usus; oligosakarida prebiotik

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*Corresponding author; email: saranya.pe@psu.ac.th