Sains Malaysiana 49(4)(2020): 775-784

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4904-06

Prodigiosin Serratia marcescens Tidak Bersifat Toksik terhadap Caenorhabditis elegans

 (Serratia marcescens Prodigiosin is Non-toxic towards Caenorhabditis elegans)

SIEW-WEI SEAH^1,2, NUR SITI FATIMAH MOHAMAD JAMIL², YANN-YIN LEE², CIN KONG^2,3, SHEILA NATHAN^1,2 & KIEW-LIAN WAN^1,2*

¹Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Jabatan Sains Bioperubatan, Fakulti Sains, Kampus Universiti Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 18 June 2019/Accepted: 18 December 2019

ABSTRAK

Produk semula jadi mikrob adalah sumber molekul yang berpotensi tinggi untuk penemuan dadah. Prodigiosin iaitu pigmen merah yang dihasilkan oleh Serratia marcescens, ialah calon dadah semula jadi kerana telah dilaporkan mempunyai sifat antimikrob, antimalaria dan antikanser. Dalam kajian ini, kami telah menilai ketoksikan prodigiosin dengan menggunakan nematod Caenorhabditis elegans, satu model perumah yang sering digunakan untuk menilai kepatogenan agen berjangkit dan ketoksikan produk semula jadi. Untuk menilai ketoksikan prodigiosin, C. elegans dijangkiti dengan strain penghasil prodigiosin, S. marcescens Bizio ATCC 274 (Sma 274) dan strain bukan penghasil, S. marcescens Bizio ATCC 29635 (Sma WF). Asai kemandirian telah dijalankan di bawah keadaan yang memastikan penghasilan prodigiosin pada tahap optimum. Menariknya, kinetik pembunuhan nematod oleh strain S. marcescens yang berpigmen dan tidak berpigmen tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang ketara (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p>0.0001), dan ini mencadangkan bahawa prodigiosin bukanlah molekul yang toksik. Seterusnya, C. elegans dirawat terus dengan prodigiosin tanpa kehadiran S. marcescens dan ketoksikan prodigiosin terhadap nematod telah dinilai. Tiada pengurangan kadar kemandirian yang signifikan diperhatikan apabila C. elegans diberikan ekstrak prodigiosin jika dibandingkan dengan kawalan yang tidak dirawat (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p>0.0001). Hasil ini membuktikan bahawa prodigiosin tidak memberi sebarang kesan toksik terhadap cacing nematod dewasa. Kesimpulannya, prodigiosin S. marcescens adalah tidak toksik terhadap perumah C. elegans, dan ini membuka peluang untuk penyelidikan tentang prodigiosin sebagai dadah farmaseutik.

Kata kunci: Dadah semula jadi; ketoksikan; pigmen bakteria

ABSTRACT

Microbial natural products are a promising source of molecules for drug discovery. Prodigiosin, a red microbial pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, is a promising natural drug candidate due to its reported antimicrobial, antimalarial and anticancer properties. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of prodigiosin by using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a host model frequently used to evaluate pathogenicity of infectious agents and toxicity of natural products. To investigate the toxicity of prodigiosin, C. elegans was infected with the prodigiosin-producer S. marcescens Bizio ATCC 274 (Sma 274) and non-prodigiosin producer S. marcescens Bizio ATCC 29635 (Sma WF). The survival assay was performed under conditions that ensure optimal prodigiosin production. Intriguingly, the nematode killing kinetics did not differ significantly between the pigmented and non-pigmented S. marcescens strains (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p>0.0001), indicating that prodigiosin is not a toxic molecule. Subsequently, C. elegans were treated directly with prodigiosin in the absence of S. marcesccens and prodigiosin toxicity on the worms was assessed. No significant decrease in survival was observed when C. elegans was treated with prodigiosin extract compared to the untreated control (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p>0.0001), indicating that prodigiosin does not exert any toxic effect on adult worms. In conclusion, S. marcescens prodigiosin is non-toxic towards the C. elegans host, thus, opening up avenues for research on prodigiosin as a pharmaceutical drug.

Keywords: Bacterial pigment; natural drug; toxicity

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*Corresponding author; email: klwan@ukm.edu.my