Sains Malaysiana 49(6)(2020): 1359-1370

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4906-14

Zerumbone Induces Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Colon Cancer Cells

(Zerumbon Mengaruh Kesitotoksikan dan Merencat Penghijrahan Sel pada Sel Kanser Kolon Manusia)

TAN MIN JIEN¹, SITI NUR PARVIN AB HAMID¹, NUR FARIESHA MD HASHIM¹, NURDIN ARMANIA^1,2, HASNI IDAYU SAIDI¹ & NORAINA MUHAMAD ZAKUAN¹*

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 9 December 2019/Accepted: 26 February 2020

ABSTRACT

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among males and females. Survival in colorectal cancer patients is poor and greatly affected by its metastasis. Zerumbone (ZER) is an active compound isolated from the essential volatile oil of an edible ginger plant, Zingiber zerumbet. It is known to exhibit anticancer properties which able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon cancer. These findings led us to investigate the ability of ZER to inhibit cell migration in colon cancer cell line. From the MTT results, the IC₅₀ values for HCT116 cells treated with ZER were 8.9 ± 0.3, 18.0 ± 1.2, and 21.3 ± 3.5 µg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. The results show that the IC₅₀ was significantly increased (p <0.05) in a time-dependent manner. The treatment of ZER at higher concentration (6 and 9 µg/mL) inhibited the migration of HCT116 cells at 1.5-fold higher compared to that of the untreated cells which reduced in the scratch gap. The characteristic of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, membrane blabbing, and detachment of cells were observed on HCT116 cells treated with ZER, suggesting that the mode cell death induced by ZER on HCT116 cells might be due to apoptosis. Hence, it is concluded that ZER exhibits cytotoxic effects and inhibits cell migration in colon cancer cells.

Keywords: Colon cancer; metastasis; migration; Zerumbone

ABSTRAK

Kanser kolon merupakan penyebab kematian kanser kedua dalam kalangan lelaki dan wanita. Jangka hayat pesakit kanser kolorektal adalah rendah dan sangat terjejas disebabkan oleh metastasis. Zerumbon (ZER) adalah sebatian aktif yang dipencil daripada minyak pati halia yang boleh dimakan, Zingiber zerumbet. Ia dipercayai mempunyai sifat antikanser yang dapat merencat percambahan sel kanser dan mengaruh apoptosis. Penemuan ini membawa kami untuk mengkaji keupayaan ZER untuk merencat penghijrahan sel  kanser kolon. Daripada hasil asai MTT, nilai IC₅₀ untuk sel HCT116 yang dirawat dengan ZER adalah 8.9 ± 0.3 μg/mL (24 jam), 18.0 ± 1.2 μg/mL (48 jam) dan 21.3 ± 3.5 μg/mL (72 jam). Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa IC₅₀ meningkat dengan ketara (p <0.05) bergantung dengan masa. Rawatan ZER pada kepekatan yang lebih tinggi (6 dan 9 μg/mL) merencat penghijrahan sel HCT116 pada tahap 1.5 kali lebih tinggi berbanding dengan sel yang tidak dirawat yang mana saiz ruang lebih mengecil. Ciri-ciri apoptosis seperti pengecutan sel, pembleban membran dan penanggalan sel diperhatikan pada sel HCT116 yang dirawat dengan ZER, menunjukkan bahawa mod kematian terhadap sel HCT116 yang dirawat dengan ZER mungkin disebabkan oleh apoptosis. Oleh itu, disimpulkan bahawa ZER menunjukkan kesan sitotoksik dan merencat penghijrahan sel kanser kolon.

Kata kunci: Kanser kolon; metastasis; penghijrahan; Zerumbon

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*Corresponding author; email: noraina@upm.edu.my