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Sains
Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2261-
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-23
Rice Husk Activated Carbon with NaOH
Activation: Physical and Chemical Properties
(Karbon Teraktif Sekam Padi Diaktivasi dengan
NaOH: Sifat Fizikal dan Kimia)
MOHAMAD
JANI SAAD1,4*, CHIA CHIN HUA1, SUFFIAN MISRAN3,
SARANI ZAKARIA1, MOHD SAIFUL SAJAB2 & MOHAMMAD HARIZ
ABDUL RAHMAN4
1Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Materials Science Program,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), 52100 Kepong, Kuala
Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
4Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 15 October 2019/Accepted: 8 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Activated
carbon was produced from rice husk by activating with NaOH. Three types of
samples were made at 850, 750, and 650 °C activation temperature. The
properties of the samples were determined. The activated carbons have surface
area of 429.82 m2/g from 850 °C activation, 121.39 m2/g
(750 °C) and 93.89 m2/g (650 °C). The results were higher than rice
husk carbon without activation (0.23 m2/g). The activated carbons
have mesopore size (2-50 nm). Proximate and ultimate analyses of the samples were also
determined. The activation process increased the carbon content of the samples.
Physical characteristics of the activated carbons were shown from the XRD
analysis. FTIR demonstrated the different functional of the rice husk carbon
and activated. The SEM images showed the pores on the surface of the activated
carbon due to the NaOH activation.
Keywords:
Activated carbon; chemical properties; NaOH activation; physical properties;
rice husk
ABSTRAK
Karbon
teraktif (AC) daripada sekam padi telah dihasilkan dengan mengaktifkan NaOH.
Tiga jenis sampel karbon teraktif dihasilkan pada suhu 850, 750 dan 650 °C.
Keputusan luas permukaan sampel sekam karbon teraktif ialah 429.82 m2/g
(850 °C), 121.39 m2/g (750 °C) dan 93.89 m2/g (650 °C).
Nilai ini lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sekam karbon kawalan iaitu 0.23
m2/g. Saiz liang bagi karbon teraktif sekam padi ialah 2-50 nm iaitu
dalam saiz mesoliang. Hasil analisis proksimat dan muktamad turut ditentukan.
Proses pengaktifan telah meningkatkan kandungan karbon sampel. Ciri fizikal
karbon teraktif ditunjukkan daripada analisis XRD. FTIR menunjukkan kefungsian
berbeza karbon sekam padi dan teraktif. Pemerhatian daripada ujian SEM
mendapati adanya liang-liang pada permukaan karbon teraktif hasil daripada
pengaktifan NaOH.
Kata
kunci: Karbon teraktif; pengaktifan NaOH; sekam padi; sifat fizikal; sifat
kimia
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*Corresponding author; email: mohamadjanisaad72@gmail.com
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