Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 2869-2876

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-02

Ultrastructural Changes of the Digestive Tract of Pomacea canaliculata Exposed to Copper at Lethal Concentration

(Perubahan Ultrastruktur Saluran Pencernaan Pomacea canaliculata Terdedah kepada Tembaga pada Kepekatan Maut

VIPAWEE DUMMEE^1,2, MALEEYA KRUATRACHUE¹, SOMBAT SINGHAKAEW¹ & PHANWIMOL TANHAN³*

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

²Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120, Thailand

³Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart Univesity, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Received: 2 July 2020/Accepted: 19 February 2021

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the basis of cellular reactions and to verify the suitability of Pomacea canaliculata digestive tract ultrastructure as a biomarker for assessing the Cu pollution in freshwater environments. Two-month-old P. canaliculata were exposed to 96-h lethal concentration of Cu (0.15 mg L^-1) for 96 h. Electron microscope investigations showed different alterations of organelles in the epithelial cells lining the esophagus and intestine. The most striking changes were damages to the mitochondria, RER, and nucleus typified by loss of cristae and degeneration of mitochondria; degranulation and fragmentation of RER. In nucleus, karyolysis and rupture of nuclear envelope were observed. These changes were attributed to membrane destabilization and increased membrane permeability to ions under the influence of toxicants or heavy metals. These findings indicate the possibility of using the P. canaliculata as biomonitor for Cu contamination in the freshwater environment.

Keywords: Cu; digestive tract; Pomacea canaliculata; ultrastructure

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menjelaskan asas reaksi sel dan untuk mengesahkan kesesuaian ultrastruktur saluran pencernaanPomacea canaliculata sebagai penanda biologi untuk menilai pencemaran Cu di persekitaran air tawar. P. canaliculata yang berusia dua bulan terdedah kepada kepekatan maut Cu 96 jam (0.15 mg L^-1) selama 96 jam. Penyelidikan mikroskop elektron menunjukkan perubahan organel yang berlainan pada sel epitelium yang melapisi esofagus dan usus. Perubahan yang paling ketara adalah kerosakan pada mitokondria, RER dan nukleas yang ditandai dengan kehilangan krista dan degenerasi mitokondria; degranulasi dan pemecahan RER. Dalam nukleas, kariolisis dan sampul nuklear pecah diperhatikan. Perubahan ini disebabkan oleh ketidakstabilan membran dan peningkatan kebolehtelapan membran pada ion di bawah pengaruh racun atau logam berat. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kemungkinan menggunakanP. canaliculata sebagai biomonitor untuk pencemaran Cu di persekitaran air tawar.

Kata kunci: Cu; Pomacea canaliculata; saluran pencernaan; ultrastruktur

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*Corresponding author; email: fvetpmt@ku.ac.th