Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 2923-2936

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-07

Essential Oil and Leaves from Lantana camara Significantly Ameliorate Different Cancer Cell Lines by Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway

(Minyak Pati dan Daun daripada Lantana camara secara Signifikan Memperbaiki Garis Sel Kanser Berbeza dengan Merencat Laluan NF-κB)

ARFAA SAJID, QAISAR MANZOOR, ANAM SAJID, RABIA SHABIR AHMAD, GHULAM HUSSAIN, MUHAMMAD IMRAN, FARHAN ASLAM, MUHAMMAD UMAIR ARSHAD, TANWEER ASLAM GONDAL & ALI IMRAN*
 

¹Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

²Department of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

³University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

⁵School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Victoria 3221, Australia

⁶Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

⁷Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

Received: 18 June 2020/Accepted: 15 February 2021

ABSTRACT

The anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of wild-sage (Lantana camara) leaves essential oil were evaluated against various human cell lines. In this regard, steam hydro-distillation technique was used for oil extraction. Chemical characterization of L. camara essential oil (LCEO) was done by GC-MS, and forty one chemical components (98.69%) were detected in leaves of LCEO. The major constituents were caryophyllene oxide (19.63%), caryophyllene (6.68%), β-phellandrene (6.48%), humulene epoxide II (5.68%), spathulenol (4.17%), α-pinene (3.27%), eucalyptol (3.09%), α-cyclocitral (2.89%), β-pinene (2.38%), and nerolidol II (2.33%). Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of LCEO were also examined. LCEO also showed good anti-inflammatory activity. Interestingly, it was found that the L. camara essential oil was active against a set of microbial strains along with promising antioxidant activity. The MTT assay showed that LCEO possessed good anticancer potential against U-266, A-549, HCT-116, SCC-4, MiaPaCa 2, and KBM-5 cancer cell lines. In these cell lines, it was depicted that the LCEO blocked the tumor cell proliferation via NF-κB pathway suppression. The promising and potent bioactivities of LCEO support the candidature of these essential oils as an anticancer agent.

Keywords: Anti- inflammatory; GC-MS; Lantana camara; MTT assay

ABSTRAK

Aktiviti antikanser dan anti-radang minyak pati daun liar (Lantana camara) dinilai berdasarkan pelbagai titisan sel manusia. Dalam hal ini, teknik penyulingan hidro wap digunakan untuk pengekstrakan minyak. Pencirian kimia minyak pati L. camara (LCEO) dijalankan melalui GC-MS dan empat puluh satu komponen kimia (98.69%) dikesan pada daun LCEO. Konstituen utama adalah kariofilin oksida (19.63%), kariofilin (6.68%), β-fellandren (6.48%), humulena epoksida II (5.68%), spathulenol (4.17%), α-pinene (3.27%), eucalyptol (3.09) %), α-siklokitral (2,89%), β-pinena (2,38%) dan nerolidol II (2,33%). Selain itu, potensi antioksidan dan antimikrob LCEO juga dikaji. LCEO juga menunjukkan aktiviti anti-radang yang baik. Menariknya, didapati bahawa minyak pati L. camara aktif melawan sekumpulan strain mikrob dengan potensi aktiviti antioksidan. Ujian MTT menunjukkan bahawa LCEO memiliki potensi antikanser yang baik terhadap barisan sel barah U-266, A-549, HCT-116, SCC-4, MiaPaCa 2 dan KBM-5. Dalam garis sel ini, digambarkan bahawa LCEO menyekat percambahan sel tumor melalui penekanan laluan NF-κB. Bioaktiviti LCEO yang menjanjikan dan kuat menyokong pencalonan minyak pati ini sebagai agen antikanser.

Kata kunci: Anti-radang; GC-MS; Lantana camara; Ujian MTT

REFERENCES

Antonsson, B., Montessuit, S., Sanchez, B. & Martinou, J.C. 2001. Bax is present as a high molecular weight oligomer/complex in the mitochondrial membrane of apoptotic cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(15): 11615-11623.

Ashraf, M.S. & Jamil, A. 2016. Cancer care in Pakistan. In Cancer Care in Countries and Societies in Transition, edited by Silbermann, M. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22912-6_15.

Asif, M. 2015a. Pharmacologically potentials of different substituted coumarin derivatives. Chemistry International 1(1): 1-11.

Asif, M. 2015b. Chemistry and antioxidant activity of plants containing some phenolic compounds. Chemistry International 1(1): 35-52.

Badal, S., Williams, S.A., Huang, G., Francis, S., Vedantam, P., Dunbar, O., Jacobs, H., Tzeng, T.J., Gangemi, J. & Delgoda, R. 2011. Cytochrome P450 1 enzyme inhibition and anticancer potential of chromene amides from Amyris plumieri. Fitoterapia 82(2): 230-236. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.10.003.

Baldwin, A.S. 2001. Series introduction: The transcription factor NF-κB and human disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 107(1): 3-6. doi.org/10.1172/JCI11891.

Banerjee, A., Dahiya, M., Anand, M.T. & Kumar, S. 2013. Inhibition of proliferation of cervical and leukemic cancer cells by penicillin G. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14(1): 2127-2130. doi:10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.2127.

Basu, S. & Hazra, B. 2006. Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity, in vitro and ex vivo, of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in inflammatory diseases. Phytotherapy Research 20(10): 896-900.

Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Simin, N. & Anackov, G. 2006. Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some Lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(5): 1822-1828. doi.org/10.1021/jf051922u.

Bradford, M.M.A. 1976. rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254.

Chao, D.T. & Korsmeyer, S.J. 1998. BCL-2 family: Regulators of cell death. Annual Review of Immunology 16(1): 395-419.

Darland, G.K., Lukaczer, D.O., Liska, D.J., Irving, T.A. & Bland, J.S. 2001. U.S. Patent No. 6,210,701. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Eckelmann, D., Kusari, S. & Spiteller, M. 2016. Occurrence and spatial distribution of maytansinoids in Putterlickia pyracantha, an unexplored resource of anticancer compounds. Fitoterapia 113: 175-181.

Fritsche, T.R., McDermott, P.F., Shryock, T.R. & Walker, R.D. 2007. Agar dilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45(8): 2758-2759. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00569-07.

Gahlaut, A. & Chhillar, A.K. 2013. Evaluation of antibacterial potential of plant extracts using resazurin based microtiter dilution assay. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(2): 372-376.

Gupta, R.K., Sharma, G., Pandey, R., Kumar, A., Koch, B., Li, P.Z. & Pandey, D.S. 2013. DNA/protein binding, molecular docking, and in vitro anticancer activity of some thioether-dipyrrinato complexes. Inorganic Chemistry 52(24): 13984-13996. doi.org/10.1021/ic401662.

Hairani, A., Osaki, M. & Watanabe, T. 2016. Effect of biochar application on mineral and microbial properties of soils growing different plant species. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 62(5-6): 519-525. doi:10.1080/00380768.2016.1212648.

Han, J.G., Gupta, S.C., Prasad, S. & Aggarwal, B.B. 2014. Piperlongumine chemosensitizes tumor cells through interaction with cysteine 179 of IκBα kinase, leading to suppression of NF-κB–regulated gene products. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 13(10): 2422-2435. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0171.

Han, M., Wen, J.K., Zheng, B. & Zhang, D.Q. 2004. Acetylbritannilatone suppresses NO and PGE2 synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. Life Sciences 75(6): 675-684. doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.022.

Hossain, M.A., Al-Hashmi, R.A., Weli, A.M., Al-Riyami, Q. & Al-Sabahib, J.N. 2012. Constituents of the essential oil from different brands of Syzigium caryophyllatum L. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(3): S1446-S1449. doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60435-3.

Jonville, M.C., Kodja, H., Humeau, L., Fournel, J., De Mol, P., Cao, M. & Frederich, M. 2008. Screening of medicinaol plants from Reu Island for antimalarial and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 120(3): 382-386. doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.005.

Kim, J.H., Gupta, S.C., Park, B., Yadav, V.R. & Aggarwal, B.B. 2012. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Molecullar Nutrition and Food Research 56(3): 454-465. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100270.

Li, L., Aggarwal, B.B., Shishodia, S., Abbruzzese, J. & Kurzrock, R. 2004. Nuclear factor‐κB and IκB kinase are constitutively active in human pancreatic cells, and their down‐regulation by curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is associated with the suppression of proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. Cancer 101(10): 2351-2362. doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20605.

Mello, F.B., Jacobus, D., Carvalho, K. & Mello, J.R. 2005. Effects of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) on general reproductive performance and teratology in rats. Toxicon 45(4): 459-466. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.12.004.

Pagliai, M., Vignozzi, N. & Pellegrini, S. 2004. Soil structure and the effect of management practices. Soil and Tillage Research 79(2): 131-143. doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.07.002.

Park, S., Bae, J., Nam, B.H. & Yoo, K.Y. 2008. Aetiology of cancer in Asia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 9(3): 371-380.

Pasha, C., Nagavalli, M. & Venkateswar, V.L. 2007. Lantana camara for fuel ethanol production using thermotolerant yeast. Letters in Applied Microbiology 44(6): 666-672.

Patil, J.R., Jayaprakasha, G.K., Murthy, K.C., Tichy, S.E., Chetti, M.B. & Patil, B.S. 2009. Apoptosis-mediated proliferation inhibition of human colon cancer cells by volatile principles of Citrus aurantifolia. Food Chemistry 114(4): 1351-1358. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.033.

Pour, B.M., Latha, L.Y. & Sasidharan, S. 2011a. Cytotoxicity and oral acute toxicity studies of Lantana camara leaf extract. Molecules 16(5): 3663-3674. doi.org/10.3390/molecules16053663.

Pour, B.M. & Sasidharan, S. 2011b. In vivo toxicity study of Lantana camara. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(3): 230-232. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60033-6.

Raghu, C., Ashok, G., Dhanaraj, S.A., Suresh, B. & Vijayan, P. 2004. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Lantana camara Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 36(2): 94-95.

Rahman, Ì. 2004. Brine shrimp toxicity of leaf and seed extracts of Cassia alata Linn, and their antibacterial potency. Journal of Medical Science 4(3): 188-193.

Saikia, A.K. & Sahoo, R.K. 2011. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Lantana camara L. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 8(3): 599-602.

Sarker, S.D., Nahar, L. & Kumarasamy, Y. 2007. Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. Methods 42(4): 321-324. doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.01.006.

Sousa, E.O., Silva, N.F., Rodrigues, F.F., Campos, A.R., Lima, S.G. & Costa, J.G.M. 2010. Chemical composition and resistance-modifying effect of the essential oil of Lantana camara Linn. Pharmacognosy Magazine 6(22): 79-82. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.62890.

Sung, B., Prasad, S., Yadav, V.R., Gupta, S.C., Reuter, S., Yamamoto, N. & Aggarwal, B.B. 2013. RANKL signaling and osteoclastogenesis is negatively regulated by cardamonin. PLoS ONE 8(5): e64118.

Sylvestre, M., Legault, J., Dufour, D. & Pichette, A. 2005. Chemical composition and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Myrica gale L. Phytomedicine 12(4): 299-304. doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.004.

Taoubis, K., Fauvel, M.T., Gleye, J., Moulis, C. & Fouraste, I. 1997. Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Lantana camara and Lippia multiflora. Planta Medica 63(2): 192-193.

Verma, V. & Balasubramanian, K. 2014. Experimental and theoretical investigations of Lantana camara oil diffusion from polyacrylonitrile membrane for pulsatile drug delivery system. Materials Science and Engineering: C 41: 292-300.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2014. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health.

Wu, P., Wu, D., Ni, C., Ye, J., Chen, W., Hu, G. & Chen, Z. 2014. γδT17 cells promote the accumulation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human colorectal cancer. Immunity 40(5): 785-800. doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.013.

Zandi-Sohani, N., Hojjati, M. & Carbonell-Barrachina, Á.A. 2012. Bioactivity of Lantana camara L. essential oil against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72(4): 502-506. doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000400007.

*Corresponding author; email: aliimran.ft@gmail.com