Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 2957-2964

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-10

Determination of the Effects of Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) Heavy Metals on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization

(Kesan Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) dan Plumbum (Pb) pada Tanah Pemineralan Karbon dan Nitrogen)

NACİDE KIZILDAĞ*

Çukurova University, Central Research Laboratory, 01330, Adana, Turkey

Received: 18 December 2020/Accepted: 18 March 2021

ABSTRACT

Heavy metal (HM) pollution has become one of the most important environmental problems of the present day, as a result of the developing industrial activities. Accordingly, it is important to understand microorganism activities in soil ecosystems that have been exposed to HMs for a long time.  The aim of this study was to show the potential effects of ores on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralizations which were taken from copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) mines in Balıkesir-Balya and Kastamonu-Küre districts in Turkey. The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralizations were determined by using the CO₂ respiration method (30 days) and the Parnas Wagner method (42 days) under the controlled laboratory conditions (28 °C, 80% of field capacity), respectively. It was observed that carbon mineralization decreased depending on the dose increase. 250 mg kg^-1 treatment with Pb was lower than the control and there was a significant difference between them (P < 0.001). In terms of nitrogen mineralization rate (%), there was no significant difference among all treatments. According to the results, Pb affected microorganisms more negatively; however, the presence of Cu slightly decreased its negative effect. It is possible to conclude that carbon mineralization can be indicator for HM pollution in the soil. However, nitrogen mineralization was not a determining factor at HM pollution in this study.

Keywords: Carbon mineralization; heavy metal; nitrogen mineralization; organic matter; soil pollution

ABSTRAK

Pencemaran logam berat (HM) telah menjadi salah satu masalah persekitaran yang paling penting pada masa kini akibat daripada aktiviti industri yang sedang berkembang. Oleh itu, penting untuk memahami aktiviti mikroorganisma dalam ekosistem tanah yang telah lama terdedah kepada HM. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mendedahkan kemungkinan kesan bijih pada mineral tanah dan mineral nitrogen yang diambil daripada lombong tembaga (Cu) dan timah (Pb) di daerah Balıkesir-Balya dan Kastamonu-Küre di Turki. Pemineralan karbon (C) dan nitrogen (N) ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah respirasi CO₂ (30 hari) dan kaedah Parnas Wagner (42 hari) di bawah keadaan makmal terkawal (28 °C, 80% kapasiti medan), masing-masing. Telah diperhatikan bahawa pemineralan karbon menurun bergantung pada peningkatan dos. Rawatan 250 mg kg^-1 dengan Pb lebih rendah daripada kawalan dan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara mereka (P <0.001). Daripada segi kadar pemineralan nitrogen (%), tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan antara semua rawatan. Menurut hasilnya, Pb mempengaruhi mikroorganisma dengan lebih negatif; namun, kehadiran Cu sedikit mengurangkan kesan negatifnya. Adalah mungkin untuk menyimpulkan bahawa pemineralan karbon dapat menjadi petunjuk untuk pencemaran HM di dalam tanah. Walau bagaimanapun, pemineralan nitrogen bukanlah faktor penentu pencemaran HM dalam kajian ini.

Kata kunci: Bahan organik; logam berat; pemineralan karbon; pemineralan nitrogen; pencemaran tanah

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*Corresponding author; email: nkizildag@cu.edu.tr