Sains Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 3107-3126

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-23

Keterlarutan Selulosa, Pelarut dan Produk Selulosa yang Dijana Semula: Suatu Ulasan

(Cellulose Solubility, Solvent and Their Regenerated Cellulose Products: A Review)

KUSHAIRI MOHD SALLEH¹, SARANI ZAKARIA¹*, MARHAINI MOSTAPHA¹, UMAR ADLI AMRAN¹, WAN NOOR AIDAWATI WAN NADHARI² & NUR AIN IBRAHIM¹

¹Bioresource & Biorefinery Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

Received: 2 December 2020/Accepted: 22 February 2021

ABSTRAK

Selulosa ialah polimer semula jadi yang boleh diperbaharui dan biasanya ditemui di dalam dinding sel tumbuhan. Interaksi hidrofobik yang kompleks serta sifat amfifilik menyebabkan ia sukar dilarutkan dan seterusnya membataskan penggunaannya secara menyeluruh. Pemahaman kepada struktur kimia dan fiziknya membolehkan proses pelarutan berlaku dengan penggunaan jenis pelarut yang bersesuaian. Namun, pelarut sedia ada bukanlah yang terbaik dan efisien terhadap pelarutan selulosa. Sehingga kini, kajian kepada jenis pelarut dan mekanisme pelarutan masih menjadi topik utama penyelidikan. Selulosa yang terlarut pula boleh dijana semula kepada produk fizikal yang lain, contohnya hidrogel, aerogel, kriogel dan xerogel. Produk yang dijana semula daripada selulosa yang terlarut boleh diacukan kepada pelbagai bentuk yang mempunyai struktur tulang yang kuat dan bersifat hidrofilik, bioserasi dan terbiodegradasi. Potensi dalam aplikasi yang pelbagai serta terbukti sebagai alternatif kepada polimer sintetik menjadikan polimer semula jadi ini berpotensi besar dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Maka, ulasan kajian terhadap selulosa, jenis pelarut serta produk yang dijana semula daripadanya menjadi fokus dalam penulisan makalah ini.

Kata kunci: Pelarutan; pelarut tak-terbitan; pelarut terbitan; produk terjana semula

ABSTRACT

Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer that is renewable and usually found in the plants' cell wall. Cellulose complex hydrophobic interactions and amphiphilic character render them difficult to be dissolved and consequently restricting total utilization. Understanding on their chemical structure and physical behaviour, introduction to suitable solvent allowing dissolution process to occur. Nonetheless, the current solvents are not the best and not as efficient as intended towards cellulose dissolution. Till date, research on solvent types and their reaction mechanism are still explored and characterized. The dissolved cellulose can be regenerated to different physical products such as hydrogel, aerogel, cryogel, and xerogel. The regenerated products from dissolved cellulose can be moulded into various shape with a strong skeletal structure and usually hydrophilic, biocompatible, and can be biodegraded. Cellulose potentials in various applications are proven as an excellent alternative to the synthetic polymer, making this naturally occurring polymer has huge potentials in science and technology. Therefore, a review on cellulose, different types of solvent and regenerated products from cellulose-based materials are the main focus in this manuscript.

Keywords: Derivatizing solvent; dissolving; non-derivatizing solvent; regenerated products

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*Corresponding author; email: szakaria@ukm.edu.my