Sains Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3537-3545

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-06

Effects of Traditional and Convenient Edible Bird's Nest on Spatial Learning of

Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

(Kesan Sarang Burung Tradisi dan Mudah-Masak ke atas Pembelajaran Reruang Tikus Sprague-Dawley Jantan)

HAZIQ KAMAL¹, KHIDHIR KAMIL¹, NELSON TAN KAR WAI¹, ABDUL LATIF NOOR BIN AMIRUDDIN¹, MANMEET KAUR PRITHVIRAJ SINGH¹, NURUL AINA BINTI JOHANIFF¹, NURSYAHIRAH BINTI ABDUL HALIM¹, AZMAWATI MOHAMMED NAWI², CHUA KIEN HUI¹ & JAYA KUMAR¹*

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 23 April 2020/Accepted: 13 April 2021

ABSTRAK

Consumption of edible bird's nest (EBN) has been a common practice for the health benefits it is believed to provide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of both traditional edible bird's nest (TEBN) and convenient edible bird’s nest (CEBN) on the spatial learning of male Sprague Dawley rats in a radial arm maze (RAM). A total of 24 male rats (270-300 g) were allocated into three groups based on diet given namely pellet only (control group), pellet mixed with TEBN (300 mg/kg) and pellet mixed with CEBN (300 mg/kg). The rats were fed with the aforementioned diet throughout the study for 42 days and exposed to RAM for spatial learning assessments which consisted of shaping (3 days), acquisition (8 days) and retention (1 day) trials. In the acquisition trials, CEBN reduced working memory error (WME) on day 5 compared to control, and day 6 compared to the TEBN group. TEBN markedly reduced reference memory error (RME) on day 1 and 8, time spent (day 3) and percentage of correct choices made (day 3) during the acquisition trials compared to CEBN. TEBN and CEBN significantly reduced WME, however, only CEBN increased RME during the retention trial. CEBN significantly affected the total entries produced in the RAM which indicated the non-specific effects of CEBN on the locomotion of the rats. Our findings suggested that TEBN may work better than CEBN in improving spatial learning considering the fact that CEBN markedly reduced the locomotion of the rats during the retention trial.

Keywords: Cognition; radial arm maze; spatial memory; supplement; working memory

ABSTRACT

Pengambilan ‘sarang burung Walit’ (EBN) telah menjadi amalan biasa oleh kerana ia dipercayai mempunyai manfaat kesihatan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan ‘sarang burung Walit tradisi (TEBN) dan ‘sarang burung Walit mudah-masak’ (CEBN) ke atas pembelajaran reruang tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dalam lorongan keliru lengan radial (RAM). Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus jantan (270-300 g) telah dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan berdasarkan diet yang diberikan iaitu pelet sahaja (kumpulan kawalan), pelet yang dicampurkan dengan TEBN (300 mg/kg) dan pelet yang dicampurkan dengan CEBN (300 mg/kg). Kesemua tikus telah diberi diet tersebut sepanjang kajian selama 42 hari dan didedahkan kepada RAM untuk penilaian pembelajaran reruang yang terdiri daripada percubaan pembentukan (3 hari), perolehan (8 hari) dan pengekalan (1 hari). Dalam percubaan perolehan, CEBN telah mengurangkan ralat ingatan kerja (WME) pada hari ke-5 berbanding kawalan dan hari ke-6 berbanding kumpulan TEBN. TEBN telah mengurangkan ralat ingatan rujukan (RME) dengan ketara pada hari pertama dan ke-8, masa yang diambil (hari ke-3) dan peratusan membuat pilihan yang betul (hari ke-3) semasa percubaan perolehan berbanding CEBN. TEBN dan CEBN telah mengurangkan WME secara signifikan, namun hanya CEBN yang meningkatkan RME semasa percubaan pengekalan. CEBN mempengaruhi keseluruhan entri yang dihasilkan dalam RAM secara signifikan yang menunjukkan kesan tidak khusus CEBN pada pergerakan tikus. Penemuan ini mencadangkan TEBN mungkin berfungsi lebih baik daripada CEBN dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran reruang memandangkan CEBN telah mengurangkan pergerakan tikus secara signifikan semasa percubaan pengekalan.

Kata kunci: Ingatan kerja; ingatan reruang; kognisi; lorongan keliru lengan radial; suplemen

REFERENCES

Abrahams, S., Pickering, A., Polkey, C.E. & Morris, R.G. 1997. Spatial memory deficits in patients with unilateral damage to the right hippocampal formation. Neuropsychologia 35(1): 11-24.

Argüeso, P., Tisdale, A., Mandel, U., Letko, E., Foster, C.S. & Gipson, I.K. 2003. The cell-layer-and cell-type-specific distribution of GalNAc-transferases in the ocular surface epithelia is altered during keratinization. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 44(1): 86-92.

Baddeley, A.D. & Hitch, G.J. 1994. Developments in the concept of working memory. Neuropsychology 8(4): 485-493.

Chau, Q., Cantor, S.B., Caramel, E., Hicks, M., Kurtin, D., Grover, T. & Elting, L.S. 2003. Cost-effectiveness of the bird's nest filter for preventing pulmonary embolism among patients with malignant brain tumors and deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. Supportive Care in Cancer 11(12): 795-799.

Debiec, J., LeDoux, J.E. & Nader, K. 2002. Cellular and systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus. Neuron 36(3): 527-538.

Dhawan, S. & Kuhad, R.C. 2002. Effect of amino acids and vitamins on laccase production by the bird's nest fungus Cyathus bulleri. Bioresource Technology 84(1): 35-38.

Halimi, N.M., Kasim, Z.M. & Babji, A.S. 2014. Nutritional composition and solubility of edible bird nest (Aerodramus fuchiphagus). AIP Conference Proceedings 1614(1): 476-481.

Hodges, H. 1996. Maze procedures: The radial-arm and water maze compared. Cognitive Brain Research 3(3-4): 167-181.

Hou, Z., He, P., Imam, M.U., Qi, J., Tang, S., Song, C. & Ismail, M. 2017. Edible Bird’s Nest prevents menopause-related memory and cognitive decline in rats via increased hippocampal Sirtuin-1 expression. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017: 7205082.

Kamil, K., Yazid, M.D., Idrus, R.B.H. & Kumar, J. 2020. Hydroxytyrosol promotes proliferation of human schwann cells: An in vitro study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(12): 4404.

Kamil, K., Kumar, J., Yazid, M.D. & Idrus, R.B.H. 2018. Olive and its phenolic compound as the promising neuroprotective agent. Sains Malaysiana 47(11): 2811-2820.

Kathan, R.H. & Weeks, D.I. 1969. Structure studies of collocalia mucoid: I. Carbohydrate and amino acid composition. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 134(2): 572-576.

Khalid, S.K.A., Abd Rashed, A., Aziz, S.A. & Ahmad, H. 2019. Effects of sialic acid from edible bird nest on cell viability associated with brain cognitive performance in mice. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 5(4): 214-219.

Kuo, Y.C., Wang, L.J. & Rajesh, R. 2019. Targeting human brain cancer stem cells by curcumin-loaded nanoparticles grafted with anti-aldehyde dehydrogenase and sialic acid: Colocalization of ALDH and CD44. Materials Science and Engineering C 102: 362-372.

Lee, P.L., Clayton, D.H., Griffiths, R. & Page, R.D. 1996. Does behavior reflect phylogeny in swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae)? A test using cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequences. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences 93(14): 7091-7096.

Lina, S., Eliza, H., Hashida, N.H., Ibrahim, S.F. & Osman, K. 2018. Androgen receptor and ultrastructural features of Nigella sativa oil and nicotine-treated male rat reproductive glands. Sains Malaysiana 47(8): 1827-1833.

Marcone, M.F. 2005. Characterization of the edible bird’s nest the “Caviar of the East”. Food Research International 38(10): 1125-1134.

Matsukawa, N., Matsumoto, M., Bukawa, W., Chiji, H., Nakayama, K., Hara, H. & Tsukahara, T. 2011. Improvement of bone strength and dermal thickness due to dietary edible bird’s nest extract in ovariectomized rats. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 75(3): 590-592.

Murray, J.D., Bernacchia, A., Roy, N.A., Constantinidis, C., Romo, R. & Wang, X.J. 2017. Stable population coding for working memory coexists with heterogeneous neural dynamics in prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences 114(2): 394-399.

Ng, F., Wijaya, L. & Tang, B.L. 2015. SIRT1 in the brain - connections with aging-associated disorders and lifespan. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9: 64.

Norhayati, M.K., Azman, O. & Nazaimoon, W.M. 2010. Preliminary study of the nutritional content of Malaysian edible bird's nest. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 16(3): 389-396.

Prasadarao, N.V., Wass, C.A. & Kim, K.S. 1996. Endothelial cell GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc epitopes for outer membrane protein A enhance traversal of Escherichia coli across the blood-brain barrier. Infection and Immunity 64(1): 154-160.

Prom-In, S., Kaewsrichan, J., Wangpradit, N., Kien Hui, C., Yahaya, M.F., Kamisah, Y. & Kumar, J. 2020. Abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench’s peel powder improves high-fat-diet-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6J mice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(15): 5513.

Quillfeldt, J.A. 2016. Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research: Behavioral Methods to Study Learning and Memory in Rats, edited by Andersen, M.L. & Tufik, S. Cham: Springer. pp. 271-311.

Tosi, G., Vergoni, AV., Ruozi, B., Bondioli, L., Badiali, L., Rivasi, F., Costantino, L., Forni, F. & Vandelli, M.A. 2010. Sialic acid and glycopeptides conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for central nervous system targeting: in vivo pharmacological evidence and biodistribution. Journal of Controlled Release 145(1): 49-57.

Valladolid-Acebes, I., Stucchi, P., Cano, V., Fernández-Alfonso, M.S., Merino, B., Gil-Ortega, M., Fole, A., Morales, L., Ruiz-Gayo, M. & Del Olmo, N. 2011. High-fat diets impair spatial learning in the radial-arm maze in mice. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 95(1): 80-85.

Wang, B., Yu, B., Karim, M., Hu, H., Sun, Y., McGreevy, P., Petocz, P., Held, S. & Brand-Miller, J. 2007. Dietary sialic acid supplementation improves learning and memory in piglets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85(2): 561-569.

Wheatley, E.G., Albarran, E., White III, C.W., Bieri, G., Sanchez-Diaz, C., Pratt, K., Snethlage, C.E., Ding, J.B. & Villeda, S.A. 2019. Neuronal O-GlcNAcylation improves cognitive function in the aged mouse brain. Current Biology 29(20): 3359-3369.

Xie, Y., Zeng, H., Huang, Z., Xu, H., Fan, Q., Zhang, Y. & Zheng, B. 2018. Effect of maternal administration of edible bird’s nest on the learning and memory abilities of suckling offspring in mice. Neural Plasticity 2018: 7697261.

Yin, T., Yang, L., Liu, Y., Zhou, X., Sun, J. & Liu, J. 2015. Sialic acid (SA)-modified selenium nanoparticles coated with a high blood-brain barrier permeability peptide-B6 peptide for potential use in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Biomaterialia 25: 172-183.

Zhu, Y., Shan, X., Yuzwa, S.A. & Vocadlo, D.J. 2014. The emerging link between O-GlcNAc and Alzheimer disease. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 289(50): 34472-34481.

*Corresponding author; email: jayakumar@ukm.edu.my