Sains Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3719-3732

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-21

Pengoptimuman Parameter bagi Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Teresterifikasi

(Parameter Optimization on Esterified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose (OPEFB))

MARHAINI MOSTAPHA^1,2, FATIHAH AZAMKAMAL¹, KUSHAIRI MOHD SALLEH*¹, UMAR ADLI AMRAN¹, SINYEE GAN³ & SARANI ZAKARIA¹

¹Bioresources & Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Higher Institution Centres of Excellence, Center for Biofuels and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

³Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 8 January 2021/Accepted: 2 April 2021

ABSTRAK

Pengubahsuaian kimia terhadap selulosa tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menggunakan agen pengesteran asid etilena diamina tetraasetik (EDTA) dan asid asetik (AA) dengan parameter yang berbeza dikaji dan dioptimumkan. Pada peringkat awal, pulpa TKKS telah dirawat menggunakan empat peringkat pelunturan (D-E-E-D) untuk menghasilkan selulosa TKKS. Seterusnya, selulosa TKKS melalui proses esterifikasi menggunakan AA dan EDTA yang dibantu oleh sistem pemanasan gelombang mikro bagi tujuan penambahbaikan keberkesanan pengesteran. Pengaruh parameter pra-rawatan terhadap kestabilan termal dan perubahan kumpulan berfungsi dioptimumkan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk komposit pusat (CCD), pemodelan permukaan tindak balas (RSM) diikuti dengan analisis termogravitometri (TGA) dan analisis kumpulan berfungsi (FT-IR). Didapati terdapat perbezaan ketara (produk esterifikasi) berlaku kepada selulosa TKKS yang diubah suai menggunakan EDTA berbanding AA pada suhu yang tinggi. Data RSM menunjukkan suhu, masa, dan kepekatan bahan kimia yang dioptimumkan untuk selulosa-AA adalah pada suhu 90 °C, 46 min dan kepekatan 8.18, manakala selulosa-EDTA adalah pada suhu 100 °C, 70 min dan kepekatan 0.7. Berdasarkan analisis CCD, keputusan menunjukkan bahawa rawatan selulosa TKKS dengan agen pengesteran EDTA adalah lebih baik berbanding dengan AA.

Kata kunci: Asid asetik; EDTA; esterifikasi; RSM; selulosa

ABSTRACT

Chemical modifications of oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose (OPEFBC) using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetic acid (AA) with different parameters were studied and optimized. At the initial stage, OPEFB pulp was treated using four stages of bleaching stage (D-E-E-D) for production of OPEFBC. Next, the OPEFB cellulose undergo esterification process using AA and EDTA under microwave assisted heating system to further enhance esterification. The influence of pre-treatment parameters on thermal stability and functional group changes were optimized using central composite design (CCD), response surface modelling (RSM) followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and functional group analysis (FT-IR). The results showed there were significant differences occurred on the modified OPEFB cellulose particularly by EDTA where higher thermal properties were observed with better esterification product with higher modification occurs compared to cellulose treated with AA. The RSM data showed that temperature, time, and chemicals concentrations optimized for cellulose-AA were at 90 °C, 46 min, and 8.18, respectively, while the optimum parameters for cellulose-EDTA were at 100 °C, 70 min, and 0.7 concentrations, respectively. Based on CCD analysis, the results showed that OPEFB cellulose esterified with EDTA agent is better than AA.

Keywords: Acetic acid; cellulose; EDTA; esterification; RSM

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*Corresponding author; email: kushairisalleh@ukm.edu.my